Lecture 13: Vessels and Nerves of the Forearm and Hand

Question 1

What is bifurcation?

Answer 1

Splitting or dividing

Question 2

The ____ artery bifurcates into ____ and ____ arteries just ___ to the _______.

Answer 2

a) Brachial
b) Radial and ulnar arteries
c) Distal to the cubital fossa

Question 3

Which muscle does the ulnar artery pass deep to?

Answer 3

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 4

Where is the ulnar artery located within the carpal tunnel?

Answer 4

Superficial to the retinaculum, between pisiform and hook of hamate

Question 5

The ulnar artery continues as the _____ in the hand.

Answer 5

The superficial palmar arch

Question 6

The deep branch of the ulnar artery anastomoses with the _____.

Answer 6

Deep palmar arch

Question 7

Where does the radial artery travel after the brachial artery bifurcates?

Answer 7

Between the anterior forearm muscles and the medial border of the brachioradialis.

Question 8

The radial artery continues as the _____ in the hand.

Answer 8

The deep palmar arch

Question 9

What does the radial artery pierce to become the deep palmar arch?

Answer 9

Pierces the first dorsal interosseous muscle and adductor pollicis.

Question 10

What are the 2 sets of veins in the upper limb?

Answer 10

• Deep veins

- Superficial veins

Question 11

Which set of veins follow the course and naming pattern of the arteries?

Answer 11

• Deep veins

Question 12

What are the superficial veins?

Answer 12

Cephalic & Basilic veins

Question 13

Where does the median nerve course through in the forearm?

Answer 13

Between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

Question 14

Which muscles do the median nerve innervate?

Answer 14

Most muscles of the anterior forearm

Question 15

Where does the median nerve pass around the carpal tunnel?

Answer 15

It passes deep to the flexor retinaculum, passing through the carpal tunnel

Question 16

Where does the ulnar nerve course through in the forearm?

Answer 16

Deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 17

Where does the ulnar nerve pass along the elbow area ish?

Answer 17

Posterior to the medial epicondyle

Question 18

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 18

• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

- Medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (digits 3, 4)

Question 19

Where does the radial nerve bifurcate?

Answer 19

Near the lateral epicondyle

Question 20

What does the radial nerve innervate prior to its bifurcation?

Answer 20

Brachioradialis & Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Question 21

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 21

Most of the posterior forearm muscles

Question 22

What does the radial nerve pierce and where does it course through afterwards?

Answer 22

The radial nerve pierces the supinator and courses through the forearm on the posterior surface of the interroseous membrane

Question 23

Where does the superficial branch of the radial nerve course through?

Answer 23

Courses through the forearm deep to brachioradialis but becomes superficial at the anatomical snuff box

Question 24

What does the superfcial bran of the radial nerve supply?

Answer 24

Skin on the posterior surface of the thumb

Question 25

What is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by?

Answer 25

Caused by anything that increases the size of the structures (tendons) passing through the carpal tunnel

• inflammation of synovial sheaths surrounding tendons
• fluid retention
• infection

Question 26

What can carpal tunnel lead to and where does it affect the individual?

Answer 26

Median nerve supplies the skin of the lateral 3 1/2 digits so the following can occur:

• Paresthesia (tingling)
• Hypoesthesia (reduced sensation)
• Anesthesia (absence of sensation)
• Reduced strength or function of thenar muscles

Question 27

What is recommended to treat carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 27

The flexor retinaculum is partially or completely cut to release the pressure