Lecture 14-16

Question 1

6 Major Steps of Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

1. Transport of glucose into cells using glucose transports
2. Glycolysis: splits glucose into 2 pyruvates
3. Pyruvate oxidation: produces acetyl coA
4. Citric acid (or Krebs) cycle: oxidizes acetyl coA to produce ATP and reduced electron carriers NADH & FADH2
5. electron transfer chain uses NADH/FADH2 to maintain a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
6. this gradient drives ATP synthase (an enzyme) to produce ATP

Question 2

energy investment phase

Answer 2

kinas uses ATP to phosphorylate glucose and some of the molecules produced as glucose begins to be broken down

Question 3

glycolysis

Answer 3

is a metabolic pathway made up of a series of cytosolic enzymes that metabolize glucose
- 6 carbon glucose to two 3Carbon pyruvate

Question 4

energy payoff phase

Answer 4

where the energy from the first C-H bonds of glucose that are broken is shifted to ATP and NADH2
- end up with some ATP and NADH2 plus 2 pyruvate molecules

Question 5

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 5

when ADP goes to ATP or GDP to DTP by phosphorylation

Question 6

chemiosmosis

Answer 6

is the mechanism that uses the potential energy of a proton gradient to drive cellular work and in this case ATP synthase

Question 7

allosteric regulation of enzyme

Answer 7

controls the rate of rxn by both positive and negative feedback mechanisms

Question 8

phosphofructokinase

Answer 8

the main enzyme that controls rate of glycolysis
- it is inhibited by ATP and citrate and activated by ADP and AMP