Lecture 14 3/8/24

Question 1

What are the characteristics of neoplasia?

Answer 1

-new growth
-DNA mutations allow for uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation
-formerly normal cells undergo irreversible genetic changes
-cells become unresponsive to normal growth controls

Question 2

What are the characteristics of benign neoplasms?

Answer 2

-“easily” cured
-do not invade surrounding tissues
-do not spread to new anatomic locations

Question 3

What is the term for benign neoplasms of tissue that is ectodermal or endodermal in origin?

Answer 3

adenoma

Question 4

What is the term for benign neoplasms of tissue that is mesodermal in origin?

Answer 4

fibroma or lipoma

Question 5

What are the characteristics of malignant neoplasms?

Answer 5

-not “easily” cured
-potential to spread/metastasize

Question 6

Where can metastasis occur?

Answer 6

-within the same tissue
-lymph nodes
-distant sites

Question 7

What is the term for malignant neoplasms of tissue that is ectodermal or endodermal in origin?

Answer 7

carcinoma

Question 8

What is the term for malignant neoplasms of tissue that is mesodermal in origin?

Answer 8

sarcoma

Question 9

What is lymphoma?

Answer 9

malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes with no benign counterpart

Question 10

What is melanoma?

Answer 10

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

Question 11

What is the benign counterpart to melanoma?

Answer 11

melanocytoma

Question 12

What is mesothelioma?

Answer 12

malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells with no benign counterpart

Question 13

How is metastasis named?

Answer 13

keeps the name of the original tumor, but with an identifier for the tissue it is now in

Question 14

Which tumor is typically the primary tumor?

Answer 14

the largest tumor

Question 15

How can a tumor potentially be identified grossly?

Answer 15

-location
-shape
-production of bone/cartilage
-color
-consistency

Question 16

Which shape is characteristic of carcinomas?

Answer 16

depressed center, due to central necrosis

Question 17

Which shape is common in sarcomas?

Answer 17

flat

Question 18

Which tumor types arise from bone and cartilage?

Answer 18

-osteosarcoma
-chondrosarcoma

Question 19

Which neoplasm type has a black-brown color?

Answer 19

melanocytic tumors

Question 20

Which neoplasm type has a red-black color?

Answer 20

vascular neoplasms

Question 21

What are the potential consistencies for neoplasms?

Answer 21

-soft
-firm
-hard

Question 22

Why is it possible for most tissues to produce both carcinoma or sarcoma?

Answer 22

most tissues have both epithelial and mesenchymal components

Question 23

What is a teratoma?

Answer 23

neoplasm containing cells from at least two of the three cell lines

Question 24

What does it mean for a cutaneous mast cell to be high or low grade?

Answer 24

-low grade equates with benign behavior
-high grade equates with malignant behavior

Question 25

How are neoplasms characterized by location?

Answer 25

-cutaneous -subcutaneous -specific organ

Question 26

What are the features of benign neoplasms?

Answer 26

-localized/encapsulated -"easily" removed -similar to normal tissue/well-differentiated -slower growth rate

Question 27

What are the features of malignant neoplasms?

Answer 27

-invasive/infiltrative -not "easily" removed -disorganized compared to normal tissue -fast growth rate

Question 28

Which type of neoplasm is able to undergo metastasis?

Answer 28

malignant

Question 29

What are the steps of metastasis?

Answer 29

-invasion through extracellular matrix -mobility -enter blood/lymphatic vessels -avoid damage while traveling -exit blood/lymphatic vessels -angiogenesis and establishment of metastatic subcolony

Question 30

What are the possible pathways of spread?

Answer 30

-lymphatic vessels -blood vessels -direct seeding within a body cavity

Question 31

Which tissues does carcinomatosis occur in?

Answer 31

-ovarian -pancreatic -biliary -intestinal

Question 32

What are the transmissible tumors?

Answer 32

-canine transmissible venereal tumor -devil facial tumor disease -bivalve transmissible neoplasia