Lecture 14- Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

auto

Answer 1

self

Question 2

nomos

Answer 2

law

Question 3

autonomic broadly means

Answer 3

self governing

Question 4

what does the ANS doe

Answer 4

• Controls all involuntary functions e.g. heart rate, BP, GI motility, Iris diameter

Question 5

ANS is sedated from

Answer 5

voluntary (somatic) nervous system

Question 6

ANS is entirely

Answer 6

effectent

Question 7

ANS is divided anatomically into

Answer 7

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic division

Question 8

sympathetic division innervated

Answer 8

during stressful situations - fight or flight response

Question 9

during the flight or flight response (sympathetic innervation) what happens to the body

Answer 9

• increased HR - increased force of contraction - increased BP

Question 10

parasympathetic division regulates

Answer 10

basal activities

Question 11

basal activities

Answer 11

e.g. basal heart rate Rest and digest

Question 12

anatomical divisions of the brain stem and spinal cord

Answer 12

• Medullary • Cranial • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacral

Question 14

neurones in the parasympathetic NS

Answer 14

Long myelinated pre-ganglionic neurone

Short myelinated post-ganglionic neurone

with ganglia located within innervated tissue

Question 15

neurones in sympathetic NS

Answer 15

Short preganglionic myelinated neurone and long unmyelinated post-ganglionic neurone

• ganglia located in paravertebral chain close to the spinal cord

Question 16

origins of parasympathetic neurones

Answer 16

The parasympathetic division of the ANS originates (bilaterally) from the brainstem (medulla) and from sacral segments of the spinal cord.

Question 17

origins of sympathetic neurones

Answer 17

in lateral horn of the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord

Question 18

ganglia of sympathetic neruones

Answer 18

located in paravertebral chain close to the spinal cord

Question 19

Neurotranmitters of the ANS

Answer 19

ACh and NA

Question 20

pre-ganglionic neurones are all

Answer 20

cholinergic

• use ACh as their NT

Question 21

Parasympathetic and sympathetic pre-ganglionic release of ACh results in

Answer 21

activation of post-ganglionic nicotinic ACh receptor

Question 22

parasymapthetic post-ganglionic neuroen NT

Answer 22

also cholinergic

Question 23

Parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurones release of Ach

Answer 23

Act on muscarinic ACh (mACh) receptors in the target effector tissue

GPCR (M1,M2, M3,M4,M5)

Question 24

Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurones neurotransmitter

Answer 24

Most are Noradrenergic

Question 25

noradrenaline interacts with

Answer 25

one of trwo major classes of adrenoreceptro: - Alpha adrenoreceptors - Beta adrenoreceptors

Question 26

SOME SPECIALISED SYMPATHETIC POST-GANGLIONIC NEURONS THAT ARE CHOLINERGIC, NOT NORADRENERGIC e.g

Answer 26

Those innervating sweat glands and pilorection

Question 27

how many mACh receptors

Answer 27

M₁-M₅

Question 28

types of adrenorecpetor

Answer 28

Question 29

other NT found in the ANS

Answer 29

Non-adrengeric non-cholinergic transmitters **(NANCs)**

Question 30

**NANCs**

Answer 30

ATP NO 5HT (serotonin) Neuropeptides e.g. VIP, Substance P These may be co-released with either NA or ACh

Question 32

third division of the ANS??

Answer 32

The enteric nervous system - Control the GI system, possessing 5 million neurons. - Capable of operating independently of the CNS

Question 33

the adrenal meduall (adrenal gland- which secretes adrenaline) is....... by the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

inebriated- sitmulated preganglionic sympathetic innervation which controls the adrenal medulla

Question 34

Sympathetic post ganglionic neurons in the adrenal glands are different:

Answer 34

They differentiate to form neurosecretory chromaffin cells

Question 35

Chromaffin cells can be considered as postganglionic sympathetic neurons that

Answer 35

do not project to a target tissue ## Footnote Instead on sympathetic stimulation these cells release adrenaline into the bloodstream

Question 36

where are chromaffin cells found

Answer 36

adrenal meduall

Question 37

chromaaffin cells innverated by

Answer 37

pre-ganglionic symapthetic neurones | (act as post-ganglionic neurones)

Question 38

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of the heart (B1)?

Answer 38

* Tachy cardia (positive chronotropy) * SA node * Positive inotropy * Ventricles

Question 39

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in blood vessels ( a1 and B2)?

Answer 39

Arterior contraction/ venous contraction

Question 40

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in Lungs, GI and GU tract ( B2)?

Answer 40

Bronchial/intestinal/uterine relaxation

Question 41

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in eye (a1)?

Answer 41

Radial muscle contraction

Question 42

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of glands ?

Answer 42

increased secretion e.g. salivary

Question 43

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation ofthe kidney (a1)?

Answer 43

renin release

Question 44

What are the physiological consequences of parasympathetic stimulation of heart (M2)?

Answer 44

Bradycardia- SAN node Reduced cardiac conduction velocity – AV node

Question 45

What are the physiological consequences of parasympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle (M3)?

Answer 45

* Bronchial contractions- lungs * Increased intestinal mobility * Bladder contraction (detrusor) and relaxation (sphincter) * Penile erection- GU tract * Ciliary muscle and iris sphincter contraction – eye

Question 46

What are the physiological consequences of parasympathetic stimulation of glands (M3)?

Answer 46

**Increased sweat/salivary/ lacrimal secretion**