Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL371 > Lecture 14 - Microbiology of the built environment > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Microbiology of the built environment Flashcards

1
Q

in microbial leeching, what is dumped in a large pile?

A

low-grade ore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is added to the large pile of low-grade ore?

A

dilute sulfuric acid (pH2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens to the liquid emerging from the bottom of the pile?

A

its enriched in dissolved metals and transported to a precipitation pond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is critical in the oxidation pond and for what?

A

the bacterial oxidation of ferrous ion to ferric ion because Fe3+ is used to oxidize other metals in the ores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does uranium leeching depend on?

A

the oxidation of U4+ to U6+ by Fe3+ with acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans redoxidizing Fe2+ to Fe3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true / false
U6+ in the form or uranyl sulfate (UO2SO4) is highly soluble and can be concentrated

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is gold leeching

A

gold deposited with minerals containing arsenic and FeS2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what leeches the aresenic and pyrite

A

acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and related bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens to gold in gold leeching?

A

it is complexed with cyanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is responsible for environmental damage?

A

microbial leeching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are coal and minerals rich in

A

sulfides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the oxidation of metal sulfide result in?

A

acidic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is acid mine drainage?

A

an environmental problem in coal-mining regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does acid mine drainage occur?

A

occurs when acid mine waters are mixed with natural waters and the lakes pH can drop <1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the problem with acid mine drainage?

A

it degrades water quality because both the acid and the dissolved metals are toxic to aquatic environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bioremediation of uranium-contaminated environments

A

where uranium has been processed or stored, groundwater can be contaminated with uranium

17
Q

what can happen to the uranium in the groundwater

A

some bacteria can convert U6+ to U4+, U6+ is water soluble, U4+ is not, uranium is contained not removed

18
Q

what can happen to organic polluants over time?

A

they can be converted to CO2 by microbes

19
Q

what organisms can oxidize petroleum products aerobically?

A

fungi, bacteria, cyanobacteria, green algea

20
Q

what are potential habitats for hydrocarbon-oxidizing microbes?

A

gasoline and crude oil storage tanks

21
Q

what happens if there is sufficent sulfate present in the oil?

A

sulfate-reducing bacteria can grow and consume hydrocarbons while in the tank

22
Q

what are xenobiotic compounds?

A

synthetic chemicals that are not naturally occuring

23
Q

why do xenobiotic compounds degrade extremely slowly?

A

organisms lack the enzymes to recognize these compounds

24
Q

what is wastewater?

A

domestic sewage or liquid industrial waste

24
Q

true / false
polyethylene terephthalate is the only petroleum-based plastic that can be extensively degraded by microorganisms

A

true

25
Q

what is gray water?

A

water resulting from washing,bathing,cooking

26
Q

what is sewage?

A

water contaminated with human and animal fecal material

27
Q

what is the main goal of wasterwater treatment?

A

to reduce organic and inorganic materials to a level that no longer supports microbial growth and to eliminate potentially toxic materials

28
Q

what is primary treatment?

A

seperation of solid and particulate organic and inorganic materials from wastewater

29
Q

what does aerobic secondary treatment use?

A

digestive reactions carried out by microbes under aerobic conditions to treat wastewater with low levels of organic materials

30
Q

what is activated sludge?

A

microorganisms in the aeration tank are responsible for oxidative degradation of the organic components of the wastewater

31
Q

steps in involved in water purification

A
  1. sedimentation to remove particles
  2. coagulation and flocculation to form additional aggregates for sedimentation
  3. filtration
  4. disinfection - typically chlorine gas or UV irradiation
31
Q

what is tertiary treatment?

A

any physiochemical or biological treatment processes for further processing of secondary treatment effluent

31
Q

what happens in secondary anaerobic treatment

A

a series of digestive and fermentative reactions carried out by various microbes under anoxic conditions in large enclosed tanks (sludge digestors or bioreactors)

32
Q

how can microorganisms accelerate corrosion of metals?

A
  1. changing pH
  2. changing redox
  3. production of corrosive metabolites
  4. production of corrosive microenvironments (biofilms)
33
Q

what are some bacteria implication in metals corrosion?

A

sulfate-reducing bacteria
ferric-ion-reducing bacteria
ferrous-ion-oxidizing bacteria
methanogens

34
Q
A

BIOL371 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions