lecture 14 - upper respiratory tract

Question 1

what is the conducting zone and its function

Answer 1

nose to bronchioles

Question 2

what is the function of the nasal cavity

Answer 2

olfaction, primary passage way for air

Question 3

what is the function of the oral cavity

Answer 3

passage for air and food

Question 4

what is the function of the respiratory zone

Answer 4

bronchioles to alveoli sites of gas exchange

Question 5

what are the function of the cartilages in the nose

Answer 5

soft and flexible, maintains patent (unconstructed) airway

Question 6

what is the nasal vestibule lined with

Answer 6

skin that has sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles

Question 7

how many conchae are there and what are they called

Answer 7

three projections = superior, middle and inferior conchae

Question 8

what are the conchae covered by

Answer 8

respiratory epithelium

Question 9

what is the function of the conchae

Answer 9

swirl inspired air, particles stick to the mucosa and allows for more time of warming and humidifying the air + olfactory detection

Question 10

what is the function of the nasal mucosa and where is it

Answer 10

• epithelium sits on lamina propria
• helps warm the air and trap particles

Question 11

what are paranasal sinuses lined with

Answer 11

respiratory mucosa

Question 12

where do the paranasal sinuses drain to

Answer 12

into the pharynx

Question 13

what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses (4)

Answer 13

• lightened skull
• increased surface area to clean, warm and moisten air
• sound resonance
• infected mucus can block drainage

Question 14

what is the pharynx

Answer 14

muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system

Question 15

what are the three regions of the pharynx

Answer 15

nasopharynx (air passage only), oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 16

what mucosa is part of the nasopharynx

Answer 16

respiratory mucosa

Question 17

where is the nasopharynx

Answer 17

posterior to the nasal cavity

Question 18

what blocks the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

Answer 18

the soft palate and the uvula

Question 19

where are the pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 19

on the prosterior wall

Question 20

what is the epithelium of the oropharynx

Answer 20

stratified squamous

Question 21

what passes through the oropharynx

Answer 21

air and food

Question 22

where is the oropharynx

Answer 22

posterior to the oral cavity

Question 23

where does the oropharynx go to and from

Answer 23

from the soft palate to the hyoid bone

Question 24

where are the palatine tonsils

Answer 24

just below the soft palate on either side of the throat

Question 25

where are the lingual tonsils

Answer 25

at the back of the tongue

Question 26

what is the epithelium in the laryngopharynx

Answer 26

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 27

what passes through the laryngopharynx

Answer 27

air and food

Question 28

where does the laryngopharynx go to and from

Answer 28

from the hyoid bone to the opening of larynx / beginning of the oesophagus

Question 29

how is the upper respiratory tract lined with mucosa

Answer 29

epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria

Question 30

what is most of the epithelium in the conducting region

Answer 30

respiratory epithelium

Question 31

what is the epithelium where food and air travel

Answer 31

stratified squamous

Question 32

what is the epithelium at the site of gas exchange

Answer 32

simple squamous

Question 33

what is the epithelium at the site of olfaction

Answer 33

olfactory mucosa

Question 34

what does respiratory epithelium stand for

Answer 34

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

Question 35

where is respiratory epithelium found

Answer 35

- the nasal cavity - part of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Question 36

what do goblet cells produce

Answer 36

mucus (which traps and moistens air)

Question 37

what are ciliated cells and what do they do

Answer 37

patterned movement pushes mucus towards pharynx, swallowed and digested by stomach acid