Lecture 15: Chewing

Question 1

Mammalian Specializations:

Precise_____; which means:

Answer 1

occlusion: position of the teeth when the jaws are closed

Question 2

Mammalian Specializations:
Prolonged preparations of food in _____ cavity
formation of soft/semi liquid_____

Answer 2

oral

bolus

Question 3

Elevation of the Mandible is ____

Depression of the Mandible is _____.

Answer 3

Adduction

Abduction

Question 4

Protraction ____ the mandible

Retraction _____ the mandible

Answer 4

Extends

Shrinks

Question 5

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ):

Answer 5

Connects the skull to the mandible

Question 6

What are 4 TMJ Disorders?

Answer 6

Dislocations (anterior, rarely lateral)
Fractures
Pain: disk slippage or arthritis
Crepitation (clicking sounds)

Question 7

Bilateral Rotation
When the jaws open, it goes from ____ to ____
when the jaws close, it goes from ____ to ____

Answer 7

translation, rotation

rotation, translation

Question 8

Incisors and the Canines are the

Answer 8

Sheering teeth

Question 9

Unilateral Mastication
The ____ side applies force on the object
The _____ side is the counterbalance

Answer 9

Working

Balancing

Question 10

Molars and premolars are the:

Answer 10

Grinding Teeth

Question 11

The 3 Salivary Glands are:

Answer 11

• Parotid
• Sublingual
• Submandibular

Question 12

What is the function of the Salivary Glands?

Answer 12

Breaks down some of the starch and fats

Acts as a lubricant

Question 13

Trachea Leads to _____

Esophagus Leads to_____

Answer 13

Lungs

Stomach

Question 14

Which stage of deglutition is voluntary

Answer 14

Stage 01

Question 15

Deglutition Stage 01 Voluntary

1. Tongue contacts _____, sweeps ______, pushes back _____

Answer 15

palate
posteriorly
bolus

Question 16

Deglutition Stage 01 Voluntary

2. Hyoid _____ and _____ by _____ muscles; opens ______ _____

Answer 16

elevated and stabilized
suprahyoid
esophageal tract

Question 17

Deglutition Stage 01 Voluntary

3. Bolus pushed into _____ by elevation/retraction of _____ tongue (_.______)

Answer 17

oropharynx

posterior; (m.styloglossus)

Question 18

Deglutition Stage 02 Involuntary

4. Induced by _____ in ______

Answer 18

bolus

valleculae

Question 19

Deglutition Stage 02 Involuntary

5. Soft Palate elevated (____ ____) and tensed (___ ___ _____)

Answer 19

levator palate

tensor veli palatini

Question 20

Deglutition Stage 02 Involuntary

6. _____ complex elevated and _____, opening _____ ______ _____

Answer 20

hyolaryngeal; protracted

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 21

Deglutition Stage 03 Involuntary

7. _____ closed

Answer 21

Trachea

Question 22

Deglutition Stage 03 Involuntary

8. Epiglottis ____ (folds _____) ___degree in 1/15th sec.

Answer 22

depressed; downward

150

Question 23

Deglutition Stage 03 Involuntary

9. Middle _____ ______ compress bolus through the _____ ______ ______.

Answer 23

pharyngeal constrictors

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 24

Deglutition Stage 04 Involuntary

10. inferior ____ ____ pushes bolus into ______

Answer 24

pharyngeal constrictors

esophagus

Question 25

The appearance of the Sagittal Crest indicates:

Answer 25

that the animal had an exceptionally strong jaw muscle

Question 26

Megadontia indicates that:

Answer 26

animals had a vegetarian diet | large size indicates eating hard foods

Question 27

``` Australopithecus Africanus Had the following characteristics: _____ Temporal Fossa ______ Snout ______ Crest ______ Robust Zygomatic ______ Forehead _______ Robust Mandible ```

Answer 27

``` Smaller Larger No Less Steeper Less ```

Question 28

``` Australopithecus Robustus Had the following characteristics: _____ Temporal Fossa ______ Snout ______ Crest ______ Robust Zygomatic ______ Forehead _______ Robust Mandible ```

Answer 28

``` Larger Shorter Sagittal (males) More Flatter More ```

Question 29

Homo Habilis Had:

Answer 29

No crest and zygomatic flare

Question 30

What is the significance of the zygomatic flare?

Answer 30

supports the main jaw muscle, the masseter, which is necessary both for biting and chewing food and for speech