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Immunology Test III MCW > Lecture 15 complete > Flashcards

Lecture 15 complete Flashcards

(73 cards)

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0
Q

What are restricted to I MCH

A

CD8+

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1
Q

What do CTLs recognize?

A

class I MHC- associated peptidse

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2
Q

What do naive CD8+ T cells recognize?

A

peptide Ags presented by Dc in the lymph nodes

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3
Q

What kind of antigens does CD8 recognize?

A

viruses and tumors

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4
Q

What are exogenous Ags?

A

derived from ingested infected cells, tumor cells, or their proteins are transferred into the cytosol for processing, loading and pressentation in Class I MHC molecules

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5
Q

Navive CD8+ cell initially recognize what signal?

A

Ags signal 1.

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6
Q

What is required for proliferation and differentitation into effector CTLS up after signal 1?

A

Signal 2 from costimulation CD28-CD80

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7
Q

What cytokines does CTLs secrete?

A

IFN gamma

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8
Q

what does IFN gamma do?

A

activates macrophages

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9
Q

What transcriptional facotr is involved in CTLs?

A

T bet

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10
Q

What does T bet do?

A

regulates transcription of genes encoding perforin, granzymes, and IFN gamma

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11
Q

Where does signal 3 come from?

A

CD4+ helper cells form cytokines that enhance activation of CTLs

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12
Q

When are T helper cells required for activation of CD8+?

A

When relatively weak innate immune reaction are evoked by latent viral infectiosn, organ transplants, and tumors

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13
Q

What is more important in the activation of CD8+ than memory CD8+?

A

CD4+ T helper cells

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14
Q

What do CD4+ recognize?

A

APC presenting Ag by MHC class II and delivering signals via CD80/CD86 and CD40

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15
Q

What expresses CD40L?

A

CD4+ Th cells

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16
Q

What does the CD40-CD40L interaction do?

A

UPregulation expression of CD80/86 on professionoal APCs which makes them more efficient at stimulating the differentiation of CD8+ cells
-CD4 and 8 do not have to come in contact with the APC at the same time.

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17
Q

What does IL2 do?

A

Promotes proliferation and differentiation of CD8 into CTLs and memory cells

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18
Q

What will activated CD8+ express?

A

High levels of alpha subunit of IL 2R after activation

-shares common receptor component with IL15 and IL21

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19
Q

What stimulate the differentiation of naive CD8 cells inot effector CTLs.

A

IL-12 and IFN type I

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20
Q

Naive CD8 T cells proliferate in response to TCR and CD28, but also requrie?

A

IL12 or IFN I for survival and development of optimal effector functions

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21
Q

What produes IL 15?

A

DCs and tissue Mo

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22
Q

What is IL 15 important for?

A

survival of CD 8 cells

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23
Q

What produces IL 21?

A

activated CD4+. plays a role in the induction of CD8 memory and prevention of CD8 exhaustion

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24
What else is IL 2 known as?
T cell growth factor
25
What is a major part of the IL 2 15 kDa polypeptide?
The autocrine loop through which it
26
What can lead to CD8 activation in a paracrin fashion?
IL 2
27
What cytokines does IL2 share a common component with?
IL 4, 7, 9, 15, 21
28
What is a key cytokine produces by Mo and Dcs?
IL 12
29
What causes CD4 to differentiate into Th1 effector cells?
IL12
30
What two cytokines determine btw Th1 or Th2?
IL 12 and IL 4
31
What activates NK cells?
IL12
32
What assists in the prevention of CD8 exhaustion
IL12
33
What promotes the production of pro inflammatory cytokines? and what are those ctyokines that it promotes?
IL12 promotes IFNgamma and TNF beta
34
What are more effective in controlling tuor and they mainting high numbers and functions compared to type I IFN cells?
IL 12 stimulated CD8+ cells
35
What is the primary source of IL 15?
macrophages and mature DCs
36
WHat is IL 15 similar too?
IL 2 shared receptor signaling component
37
Exogenous IL 15 favors?
Th1 differentition in vitro
38
What does IL 15 do?
It is a T cell growth factor and promotes the proliferation of CTL cells
39
What does IL 15 stimulatate proliferation of?
memory CD4 and CD8 and naive CD8 T cells
40
What does IL 15 costimulate?
Innate immune IFN gamma production
41
What is IFN gamma?
a homodimer composed of subunits 25kDa
42
What is IFN gamma produced by?
Th1 cells, CTLs and activated NK cells
43
What is a potent activator of Mo?
IFN gamma
44
What does IFN gamma have the ability to do?
``` Increase MHC class I molecule expression on a range of cell types and induce expression of class II MHC molecuse on professional APCs -May be improtatn component of antiviral protection, since it up regulates Ag presentation of viral targets by infected cells ```
45
What antibody doe IFN gamma promote/
IgG
46
What preseents viral Ags?
Dcs to CD8
47
What does activaetd CTLs secrete?
TNF beta, IFN gamma, cytotoxic perforin and granzymes
48
What is exhaustion?
an active suppression of immune responses first decribed in a chronic viral infection
49
How are CD8 exhausted cells differ?
Reduced production of IFN gamma, and icreased expression of PD-1 inhibitory receptor
50
What does PD1 do?
It blacks the activation of CTLs.
51
What may contribute to the chronic HIV and hepatits C virus?
PD1 mediated T cell exhaustion
52
What is effectiv in the immuno thearpty of tumors?
anti pd 1 abs
53
What results in the immunologic synapse?
CTL and target cell in close contact
54
What does the immunologic synapse ensure?
That normal bystander cells are not inuured
55
What is secreted into the synapse?
Granzymes and perforin and cannot diffuse into other nearby cells because of immunologic synapse
56
How does perforin and granzymes kill a cell?
The granzymes are delivered inot the cytoplam of the target cells by a perforin dependent mechanism, and they induce apoptosis
57
What is expressed on activated CTLs?
FasL
58
What does FasL do?
It engages Fas on the surface of cells and activated apoptosis.
59
What are serin proteases?
Granzymes A B and C
60
What is the only granzyme requreid for the CTL cytotoxicity ?
Granzyme B
61
What is a membran perturbing molecule that is homologous to the C9 complement protein?
perforin
62
What does serglycin do?
Serves to assemble a complex containg grazymes and perforin
63
Perfor leads to?
A membrane repair systme that keeps the granules inside of the cell that it is going to kill
64
What does Granzyme B activate?
Caspase 3 that triggers apoptosis
65
WHen FasL and Fas binds, what is recruited?
Procaspases 8 through the FADD adaptor which converts it inot the active enzyme caspase 8
66
What does caspase 8 do?
directly cleaves caspase 3 in Type I thymocytes
67
What does capsase 8 do in type II cells such as virus infected hepatocytes?
it cleaves Bid and Bid stimulates the relase of cytochrom C from mitochondria
68
What does Cytochrom C do?
With apoptotic peptidas activating factor Apaf1 and ATP, it activews caspase 9 which cleaves caspase 3
69
What does ICAD part of caspase 3 do when cleaved?
activates CAD, which cuases DNA degradation in nuclei
70
What cytokines does a Effecto Cd8 cell secrete?
IFN gamma and TFN alpha
71
What chemokines does effector CD8 secrete?
MIP 1alpha/beta | RANTES
72
What about effector CD8 cells cuases lysis of infected cells?
perforin granzymes fas/fasL

Immunology Test III MCW (5 decks)

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