Lecture 16 Flashcards
(11 cards)
why should we focus on school food?
serves 29 million each day
access to 95% all US children
precedent for setting higher safety and health standards
ideal setting to combine education with environmental change
an opportunity to shift the childhood obesity conversation from a medical model to a PH model
- becoming an advocate
- the growth of a national movement
- federal, state, and local policies
evidence that the environment influences diet quality?
evidence that environment influences diet quality
- students who choose the NSLP
eat two time as many fruits and veggies - as students transition to middle school
diet deteriorates
fewer fruits, fewer non fried vegetables
less milk and more SSB - students in schools without a la carte
eat more fruits and vegetables
fewer calories from fat - schools that have more policies to limit food consumption
have a lower prevalence of obesity
what is the NSLP?
NSLP- national school lunch programs
- president truman signed law in 1946
- no nation is any healthier than its children or more prosperous than its farmers
- combination of human nutrition needs and agricultural system needs
administrative structure
- federal government provides money to states to administer the program
- three categories of pricing based on student income
- federal government reimbursement
- some states provided additional money
school lunch nutrition over time?
- historically, concern was undernutrition
calorie minimums, no maximums
no limits on sugar or fat - over time
minimum protein, grain, fruit/veg, milk continued to be served
no sugar or calorie limos
transition to processed foods
more kid foods- pizza, chicken nugs, hamburgers, fries, flavored milk
what is the impact of NSLP on diet?
impact of NSLP on diet
- solid fats added sugars SoFAS = empty calories
- elementary schools = 115% of daily SoFAS from lunch
- middle and high schools = 59-74% of daily SoFAS
leading contributors:
flavored milk
cookies, cases, brownies
pizza and pizza products
condiments, toppings, spreads
what is a competitive food?
competitive foods- any food that “competes” with national school lunch participation
- a problem for 4 decades
- in 1970 congress gave USDA authority to control all food that is offered at school during lunch
- ensured that the food service got the revenue from competitive foods
- disables other groups from fundraising through vending, school stores, bake sales
- 1872-1977 political battle over whether USDA can regulate competitive foods
- 1980 lawsuit from National soft drink association
1984 court decision that USDA cannot regulate outside of the lunch period
- 1984 - now a la carte items sold within cafeteria during lunch cannot be foods of minimal nutritional value
- school stores, vending machines, and fundraisers are allowed to sell anything including FMNV
what was the “pouring rights” contract?
led to “pouring rights” contracts
vast majority of high schools has soft drink vending in 2000
were supposed to be turned off during lunch
what is the healthy, hunger-free kids act?
healthy, hunger-free kids act
- signed in 2010
- influenced by michelle obama
- requires USDA to update
national school lunch and breakfast regulations
gives authority to regulate competitive foods
school wellness policy regulations
what was the middle school snack intervention study?
middle school snack intervention study
- 8th grade students in 6 schools across the state
- intervention: removed all unhealthy snacks and beverages
- snack decreased at school and did not change at home
- trends in weight concerns and dieting behavior were the same across conditions; there was no condition by school interaction
what was the CT healthy food pilot study and what were the results?
CT healthy food pilot study
- pilot schools removed all snacks and beverages in 2004-2005 that did not meet state nutrition guidelines
- comparison schools remained the same
- food service directors were given lists of “approved” beverages and snacks
Results on financial impact:
- pilot schools did not lose money when they made the changes
- a la carte sales did go down
- lunch sales went up
Results:
- middle school students in pilot schools
ate more healthy snacks
drank more water
ate fewer unhealthy snacks
drank fewer unhealthy beverages
- no evidence of compensatory increases in junk food at home
- no increase in body image concerns
serving vs offering fruit and implementations
serving versus offering fruit:
- children who chose fruit were just as likely to eat it as children who were served fruit
- the proportion who ate fruit once taken was the same- 70%
- as a results of this policy change, the percent of children eating fruit went from 33 to 50%
new NSLP rules
- required students to take a fruit or vegetable
- one of the most controversial changes
concern that this will increase waste
concern that it will not lead to increased consumption
- the truth is that it does both
- cost benefit analysis is needed
