Lecture 16: ethics

Question 1

Ethical Dilemmas

Answer 1

A situation where there is no satisfying course of action

With very limited guidance and based on our own beliefs

Question 2

Ethics

Answer 2

The beliefs, values or morals we use to determine what is right or wrong

Moral values: compassion, trustworthy, faithful

Professional values: behavioral indicators like accountable, social responsibility

Question 3

Ethical Behavior

Answer 3

Being responsible for reasonably foreseeable consequences of your actions

Question 4

Moral Principle (4)

Answer 4

Moral statement= In situation __ + Person__ + should do __

Moral sensitivity: ability to interpret situation accurately with limited facts, awareness of multiple ways to act and understands how choice will affect outcome

Moral judgement: ability to judge which action is right and which is wrong

Moral motivation: ability to prioritize moral values over personal and self-interest

Moral Character: acting morally even if people hate you for it. Hardest one to develop

Question 5

Normative Ethics

Answer 5

Moral system that help people make decisions

Question 6

Deontological Ethics

Answer 6

Focus on action

How well you can follow moral rules and duties.

Question 7

Teleological Ethics

Answer 7

Focus on action

Which results will bring the most good. Acts are judged based on their consequences

Question 8

Virtue Ethics

Answer 8

Developing good character traits based on moral decisions

Question 9

Descriptive Ethics

Answer 9

Moral system of a group or culture

Question 10

Bioethics

Answer 10

Application of ethics to healthcare

Question 11

Global Ethics

Answer 11

Universal values, norms and global responsibilities

Question 12

4 types of global ethics

Answer 12

Objective truth: truths about what is good and right

Subjectivism: individuals ethic based on their feelings

Pre-existing common core: based on what is universally accepted

Construction: norms and values contructed by consensus building

Question 13

Ethical standards in Health care

Answer 13

Autonomy: enabling a client’s right to choose. Informed consent (aware of risks, benefits, alternatives, consequences if they don’t do it.

Beneficence: do what is in the best interest of the client. In global context, developed nations have to take care of developing countries

Nonmaleficence: do no harm

Justice: act with fairness

Veracity: be truthful

Fidelity: be faithful

Confidentiality:

Question 14

Global Health Ethics

Answer 14

Normative, content, geographic

Question 15

Normative global ethics

Answer 15

Values for responding to global trheats on a large scale

Ex. pandemics, natural disaters, poverty, research funding

Question 16

Content global ethics

Answer 16

Macro and micro level issues at the current time

Ex. infectious disease in children and mothers

Question 17

Geographic global ethics

Answer 17

Macro, need international collaboration

Ex. climate change, drug trafficking

Question 18

Moral significance of health

Answer 18

Good health: limits suffering and enhances ones capacity to function and pursue opportunities

Health justice: reducing unfair or avoiding health inequalities

Question 19

Moral significance of boundaries

Answer 19

Realists: argue that national boundaries limit ethical considerations

Pluralists: consider morality to be local

Question 20

Cosmopolitans

Answer 20

World citizens

Every human has a moral duty to assist regardless of proximity

Question 21

Cosmopolitan justice

Answer 21

Global health duty on all
Moral cosmopolitanism: stresses moral judgments and obligations as being universal

Political cosmopolitans: support institutions that mitigate the power of individual nations

Question 22

Anti-cosmopolitans

Answer 22

Morality is local and if they do global help then it is for self-interest

Question 23

Utilitarianism

Answer 23

Maximize the good/happiness and avoid suffering.

If we can help other at a low cost for us , then we should

Question 24

Justice

Answer 24

Fairness to all and provide all people fair and equitable treatment

Distributive justice: equal distribution of goods

Compensatory justice: make up for past injustices

Procedural justice: first come first server, or alphabetical

Question 25

Philanthropy

Answer 25

Voluntary action for public good

Question 26

Voluntary action

Answer 26

Voluntary giving: gifts of money or property. Voluntary service: gifts of time and talent Voluntary association: vehicles for driving and service provision Objectives: improve quality of life, meet peoples basic needs voluntarily

Question 27

5 roles of Philanthropy

Answer 27

Service rule: provide human service and meet human needs Advocacy rule: promote change for particular groups Cultural role: provide a method for expressing values or traditions or other aspect of culture Civic role: building communities and promote civic engagement Vanguard role: new development of social innovation, inventions and experiments

Question 28

Charity

Answer 28

Relieving suffering through giving money or items

Question 29

Humanitarian assistance

Answer 29

Higher income countries helping those in lower income countries

Question 30

Altruism

Answer 30

Selfless concern for the welfare of others Doing something without getting a reward

Question 31

Non- profit organizations (6)

Answer 31

``` Formally developed Private not government Self-governing Not-profit distributing Voluntary Public benefit ```

Question 32

Non-government organization (6)

Answer 32

``` Voluntary association Non-government Not for profit Not associated with political party Non-violent No criminal group and not illegal activities ```

Question 33

Arguments against global ethics

Answer 33

Focus on perfect duties versus charitable acts (perfect duty is something you can do all the time anytime like not lying) Distance makes a difference

Question 34

Humanitariam model

Answer 34

Seek global health work through altruism, to make a difference Tend to adopt an attitude of superiority in education skill and knowledge

Question 35

Political model

Answer 35

Recognize power and wealth disparities Encourage humbleness Based on critical thinking

Question 36

Ethical paralysis

Answer 36

Nothing is perfectly ethical so you cant do anything

Question 37

Righteous seizure

Answer 37

Have to do something right now!

Question 38

Developing partnerships

Answer 38

Negotiation: bargaining to reach an agreement Partnering: working well together to obtain funding Collaboration: work with others to find best possible solution