Lecture 16: Ferns and Lycophytes

Question 1

dominant sporophyte, vascular tissues, developed roots and leaves are the characteristics of ______

Answer 1

living vascular plants

Question 2

what type of plant is the most diverse seedless vascular plant?

Answer 2

ferns

Question 3

what are the components of a mature fern sporophyte?

Answer 3

rhizome, leaves, roots

Question 4

what is a rhizome?

Answer 4

underground stem, produced by SAM

Question 5

what produces leaves?

Answer 5

SAM

Question 6

what produces a root?

Answer 6

RAM, each individual root has a RAM

Question 7

do ferns have alternations of generations?

Answer 7

yes, they have a distinct hapolid and diploid phase

Question 8

what is the function of a fern sporophyte?

Answer 8

produce sporangia in clusters of sori, produce gametophytes that are monoaecious (antheridia and archegonia in same gametophyte)

Question 9

what is the function of a fern gametophyte? (thallus)

Answer 9

photosynthesize, absorb water and minerals, produce gametes within antheridia and archegonia

Question 10

lacks roots, stems, leaves, cuticle, complex tissue system are all characteristics of a ____

Answer 10

thallus

Question 11

is water required for the gamete transfer of ferns?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Why doesn’t the thallus have a waxy cuticle?

Answer 12

it needs to be very efficient at retaining water

Question 13

how do ferns disperse their spores?

Answer 13

by using catapults to launch their clusters of sori

Question 14

what are the three tissue systems?

Answer 14

vascular, ground, dermal

Question 15

what are the vascular tissues?

Answer 15

xylem and phloem

Question 16

what are the components of xylem? is xylem dead or alive

Answer 16

vessel elements and tracheids, dead

Question 17

what are the components of phloem? is phloem dead or alive?

Answer 17

sieve-tube elements and companion cells, alive

Question 18

what are the types of ground tissue?

Answer 18

parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma

Question 19

what are the types of dermal tissue?

Answer 19

periderm, epidermis, cork, cuticle (aboveground yes, belowground no)

Question 20

what two things can the epidermis differentiate into?

Answer 20

periderm and cork

Question 21

what does the xylem transport?

Answer 21

water and minerals

Question 22

what does the phloem transport?

Answer 22

water and sugars

Question 23

____ are the organs that anchor vascular plants

Answer 23

roots

Question 24

what are the different types of roots?

Answer 24

adventitious, lateral, primary

Question 25

where do adventitious roots come from?

Answer 25

from stem tissue and rhizome

Question 26

what is the advantage to lateral roots?

Answer 26

more surface area increases the plants ability to mine for water

Question 27

where does the primary root originate from?

Answer 27

the embryo

Question 28

where do lateral roots branch off of?

Answer 28

other roots

Question 29

____ are organs that increase surface area for photosynthesis

Answer 29

leaves

Question 30

____ are small leaves with a single vein

Answer 30

microphylls

Question 31

____ are large leaves with a highly branched vascular system

Answer 31

megaphylls

Question 32

which phylums have megaphyll leaves?

Answer 32

monilophyta, angiosperms, gymnosperms

Question 33

which phyla have microphyll leaves?

Answer 33

lycophytes

Question 34

____ are modified leaves with sporangia

Answer 34

sporophylls

Question 35

___ are clusters of sporangia on the underside of sporophylls

Answer 35

sori

Question 36

___ are cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls in lycophytes

Answer 36

strobili

Question 37

what three types of plants make up the lycophytes?

Answer 37

club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts