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HUBS191 - RUBY > lecture 16 - nervous system organisation > Flashcards

lecture 16 - nervous system organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and glia

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2
Q

What are the key components of a neuron (4)?

A

Dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals

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3
Q

In the CNS, what is the name for a group of cell bodies?

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

In the CNS, what is the name for a bundle of axons?

A

Tract

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5
Q

In the PNS, what is the name for a bundle of cell bodies?

A

Ganglion

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6
Q

In the PNS, what is the name for a bundle of axons?

A

Nerve

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7
Q

In cerebral cortex or spinal cord, what is the name for an area made up of a group of cell bodies?

A

Grey matter

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8
Q

In cerebral cortex or spinal cord, what is the name for an area made up of bundle of axons?

A

White matter

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9
Q

What is the direction of information flow along a neuron?

A

From dendrites (input zone) to axon terminals (output zone)

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10
Q

What are the four ‘zones’ of a neuron?

A

Input zone, summation zone, conduction zone, output zone

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11
Q

What are the components of the input zone of a neuron?

A

Dendrites, cell body

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12
Q

What are the components of the summation zone of a neuron?

A

Axon hillock

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13
Q

What are the components of the conduction zone of a neuron?

A

Axon

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14
Q

What are the components of the output zone of a neuron?

A

Axon terminals

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15
Q

What is the function of the input zone of a neuron?

A

Receive chemical signals via synapses from pre-synaptic cells

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16
Q

What is the function of the summation zone of a neuron?

A

Sums together multiple chemical signals into a single electrical impulse (action potential)

17
Q

What is the function of the conduction zone of a neuron?

A

Carrying electrical signals (action potentials) from the cell body to the output

18
Q

What is the function of the output zone in a neuron?

A

Connect with input zone of other neurons or effectors, and communicate with neurotransmitters during a synapse

19
Q

What are the 4 morphological types of neuron?

A

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, anaxonic

20
Q

What a multipolar neuron?

A

A neuron with multiple input processes.

21
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

A neuron with 1 input and 1 output process only

22
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

A

A neuron with 1 process, which splits into the input and output regions

23
Q

What is an anaxonic neuron?

A

A neuron that has no distinct axon

24
Q

What are the types of glia found in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

25
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

Supply neurons with nutrients and ensheath blood capillaries to regulate CNS blood supply. Control chemical environment by mopping up leaked ions and recycling excess neurotransmitters. Involved in injury response

26
Q

What is the function of microglia?

A

They are immune cells that are able to engulf microorganisms and debris

27
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Glia that line fluid filled spaces and have cilia that circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

28
Q

Where are the cilia located on ependymal cells?

A

On the apical surface

29
Q

How is cerebrospinal fluid circulated in the CNS?

A

Ependymal cells which have cilia

30
Q

What is function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Support nerve fibres. Ensheath CNS axons with myelin which forms insulating sheath that increase conduction velocity

31
Q

What is the key glial cell of the PNS?

A

Schwann cell

32
Q

What is the function of Schwann Cells?

A

Support peripheral nerve fibres. Ensheath fibres with myelin to facilitate rapid conduction

33
Q

What is the name for gaps between Schwann cells on the axon of a neuron?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

34
Q

Is communication electrical or chemical at a synapse?

A

Chemical

35
Q

What occurs at the pre-synaptic cell before/during a synapse?

A

Action potential travels down axon causes synaptic vesicles to release packets of neurotransmitter via exocytosis. These enter the synaptic cleft between the post-synaptic cell.

36
Q

What occurs during/after the synapse at the post-synaptic cell?

A

neurotransmitters bind to receptors in the dendrites, which create electrical signals that sum at the summation zone, creating an action potential.

37
Q

What is type of information flow when info flows from PNS to CNS?

A

afferent/ascending

38
Q

What is type of information flow when info flows from CNS to PNS?

A

Efferent/descending

39
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Neurons found exclusively in the CNS, that connect spinal sensory and motor neurons.

HUBS191 - RUBY (36 decks)

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