lecture 38 - immune system response to infection

Question 1

What are the 2 key forms of adaptive immunity, in terms of mediation?

Answer 1

Cell-mediated immunity and Antibody-mediated immunity

Question 2

What is clonal selection, in terms of T cells?

Answer 2

When T cells for a specific peptide are activated, they will undergo cell division to select for the expansion of the lymphocytes that interact favourably.

Question 3

What are the 3 key processes that are required for B cell activation?

Answer 3

Native antigen recognition at BCRs, cytokine stimulation by Helper CD4 T cells, binding of MHC-II on B cell to TCR on CD4 T cell.

Question 4

What is clonal selection, in terms of B cells?

Answer 4

When both a native antigen binds to BCRs AND T cell cytokine stimulation occurs, the specific B cell and its BCRs will be replicated to improve immune response.

Question 5

What is a native antigen?

Answer 5

An antigen that does not have to be processed to a peptide, and can be recognised by antibody in a variety of large forms.

Question 6

What are the relative concentrations of antibody in the primary immune response?

Answer 6

High IgM secreted into blood, high number of IgD expressed for signalling. Low concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgE

Question 7

What are the relative concentrations of antibody in the secondary immune response?

Answer 7

Relatively low concentration of IgM and IgD. Large concentration of neutralising IgG (class switched). Increased switching to IgA and IgE.

Question 8

What are the relative concentrations of T cells in a primary immune response?

Answer 8

Low

Question 9

What are the relative concentrations of T cells in a secondary immune response?

Answer 9

High

Question 10

What are the relative concentrations of B cells in a primary immune response?

Answer 10

low

Question 11

What are the relative concentrations of T cells in a secondary immune response?

Answer 11

High

Question 12

What are the 4 types of vaccines, in terms of viral components?

Answer 12

Live attenuated, killed, subunit protein, subunit mRNA

Question 13

What component must be added to vaccines to insure that antigen presenting cells are sufficiently activated?

Answer 13

Adjuvants

Question 14

What are adjuvants?

Answer 14

Chemical stimulants added to vaccines that enhance the activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs), thus enhancing adaptive immune responses.

Question 15

What cytotoxic proteins are used by cytotoxic T lymphocytes to facilitate apoptosis?

Answer 15

Granzyme and perforin

Question 16

What is the function of granzyme and perforin?

Answer 16

Create pores in pathogen cell membranes to facilitate apoptosis.