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Block 2 Gross > Lecture 16: Skull > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chordate?

A

Animal/ human with a notochord

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2
Q

Where are the primary senses and the integration center (brain) concentrated in chordates

A

Front of the skull

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3
Q

What is the floor of the box called

A

chondrocranium

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4
Q

What does the bone of the chondrocranium develop from

A

a cartilagenous precursor

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5
Q

What different capsules are located in the chondrocranium

A

olfactory and optic capsules

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6
Q

What are the walls and roof of the box made of

A

dermal scales which developed into skin that eventually joins bone

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7
Q

What are the walls and roof of the box called

A

determatocranium

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8
Q

What bart of the skull does the notochord extend into

A

chondrocranium

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9
Q

What did the respiratory and feeding systems that attach to our skull evolve from

A

Gill arches (7 of them)

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10
Q

What composes the 1st gill arch

A

Upper and lower jaws, malleus, and incus

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11
Q

Is the upper jaw fused to the brain box

A

Yes

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12
Q

What are the malleus and incus a part of?

A

inner ear

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13
Q

How does the first gill arch attach to the brain box

A

cartilage attaches to the bottom of the brain box

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14
Q

What composes the 2nd gill arch

A

Middle ear bone, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, and part of the hyoid bone

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15
Q

What composes the 3rd gill arch

A

Bony support for the tongue and hyoid

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16
Q

What do subsequent arches form

A

pharynx, larynx, and trachea

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17
Q

Modified gill arches that associate with the cranium form…

A

splanchnocranium

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18
Q

Which part of the skull has a lot of holes

A

chondrocranium

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19
Q

Which part of the skull consists of the jaw and face

A

Splanchnocranium

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20
Q

Where do vessels and nerve often emerge or enter into the skull

A

Foramina or between components of different origin

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21
Q

What is the internal coratid a. a branch of

A

common coratid a.

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22
Q

What does the internal coratid a. supply

A

brain, chondrocranium (including special senses)

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23
Q

What does the external coratid a supply

A

dermato- and splanchnocranium

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24
Q

What does CN V innervate (which gill arch)

A

first gill arch (jaw)

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25
What does CN VII innervate (gill arch)
second gill arch (facial nerve)
26
What does CN IX innervate (gill arch)
3rd gill arch (hypoglossal)
27
What supplies the remaining 4 gill arches?
CN X (vagus)
28
Does CN V provide sensory and motor innervation to the upper and lower jaws
It only provides motor innervation to the lower jaw because you can not move the upper jaw
29
Where are the two frontal bones fused
At metopic suture
30
What do the frontal bones articulate with?
Nasals, sphenoids, zygomatics, parietals, lacrimals, ethmoids, and maxillaries
31
Where do the two nasal bones meet
internasal joint
32
What do the nasal bones articulate with
frontals and maxillaries
33
What bones form the orbits
lacrimals, ethmoids, greater and lesser wings of sphenoid
34
What bones articulate with the zygomatics
maxillae, sphenoids, frontals, and temporal
35
What are the sidewall bones of the nose?
Superior, middle, and inferior chonchae
36
What is another term for chin
mental protuberance
37
Pterigomaxillary fissure
Crack between the lateral pterigoid plates and the maxilla- place where n. and branch of external carotid artery exit.
38
The lateral pterygoid plates are a part of what bone?
Sphenoid
39
What attaches to the styloid process?
Ligament to the hyoid (2nd arch)
40
What are the functions of fontanelles
- Head to conform to shape of birth canal | - Clinical access to cerebrospinal fluid
41
Is the pterion junction a weak or strong joint?
Weak
42
Can you determine the rough age of a person based on how open/closed their sutures are
Yes more closed= older
43
What is bone growth in the skull determined by
brain size
44
Hydro and microcephaly
microcephally- small head (usually associated with small brain. Hydrocephaly- Large head associated with large brain
45
Describe the bone arictecture in the skull
2 compact layers of bone with spongy bone in between
46
What is the spongy bone between the compact bone called?
Diploe
47
What are the names of the inner and outer layers of compact bone respectively
Inner and outer table
48
Diploic veins
veins that run in the diploe
49
Emissary veins
Penetrate the inner and outer tables to communicate with the diploes- Veins responsible for spreading infections throughout the head
50
In the splanchnocranium, structures are made of cartilage (Meckel's cartilage) and does not ossify, whats the exception to this?
The upper and lower jaws.
51
What is the neocortex and what protects it?
Part of the cerebral cortex concerned with sight and hearing- protected by lofts over orbits
52
What is the cribriform plate
A sieve in the ethmoid bone where CN I enters along with anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves
53
What attaches to the crista galli
falx cerebri
54
How many CN enter the middle cranial fossa?
5
55
What CN go through the superior orbital issue?
CN III, IV, V1, and VI
56
What is CN V1
CN V has 3 Branches: V1- is the ophthalmic branch which is sensory only to the forehead and scalp
57
What CN goes through the optic foramen
CN II
58
What is the junction between the brain box and face
Superior orbital fissure
59
Location of the optic foramen
lesser sphenoid
60
What goes through the foramen rotundum
CN V2- sensory to the maxilla
61
What goes through the foramen ovale
CN V3- Sensory and motor to the mandible
62
What runs through the foramen lacerum
internal carotid a. and pathway for greater superficial petrosal nerves (taste for preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN VII)
63
What runs through the coratid canal
internal carotid a
64
What does the internal coratid a cupply
chondrocranium, brain, and special senses
65
What goes through the foramen spinosum
meningeal a.
66
What does the meningeal a supply
meninges and dermatocranium
67
What junction does the foramen spinosum lie in
edge of dreamt- and chondrocranium
68
How many cranial nerves pass through the posterior cranial fossa
6
69
What runs through the internal acoustic meatus
CN VII and VIII
70
What runs through the jugular foramen
CN IX, X, and XI and internal jugular v.
71
What runs through the hypoglossal canal
CN XII exits

Block 2 Gross (11 decks)

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