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Medical Microbiology > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

When was Russian Flu emerging

A

1977

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2
Q

When was SARS emerging

A

2003

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3
Q

When was MERS emerging

A

2012-Present

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4
Q

When was West Nile Virus emerging

A

1999-present

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5
Q

When did HIV-1 emerge

A

1981-present

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6
Q

Describe EVD Incubation period

A

Time from contracting virus to symptoms

Average 11 days - 2-21 days

Average symptom to hospitalization period - 5 days

Average serial interval - 15 days

Average time to death - 10 days

Average time to recovery -17 days

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7
Q

What is the prodromal period?

A

Virus continuously replicates

Triggers immune response and can cause mild-symptoms

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8
Q

What is the incubation period

A

Time between infection with virus and the onset of symptoms

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9
Q

How can HIV cause infection

A

AIDS can undergo 7 year course

  • Virus prevalent for first 9 months
  • Body produces antibodies for up to 5 years
  • CD4 cells decline, antibody production falls
  • Virus concentration increases, immune system overwhelmed
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10
Q

Case fatality by age range

A

Highest in 80-90 year old (34.6%)

15.9% in ages 70-79

3.5% in 60-69 year olds

2.9% average

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11
Q

Asiatic Flu

A

Asiatic (1889-90) - 1 million deaths

H3 subtype

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12
Q

Spanish Flu

A

1918-1920 - 40 million deaths

H1N1 subtype

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13
Q

Asian Flu

A

1957-1958 - 1-4 million deaths
H2N2 subtype

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14
Q

Hong Kong Flu

A

1968-69 - 0.75-1 million dwaths
H3N2 subtype

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15
Q

Russian flu

A

1977-78 low deaths
H1N1 subtype

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16
Q

Mexican flu

A

2009-10 - 0.28 million
H1N1 subtype

17
Q

When does antigenic drift occur?

A

Between pandemics

18
Q

When does antigenic shift occur?

A

Formation of new pandemics

19
Q

Name some Influenza A reservoirs

A

Ducks

Seals

Turkeys

Pigs

20
Q

Summary of antigenic shift

A

Gut and subclinical infection in duck
-> Faecal transmission to chicken causing respiratory disease
-> Passed to humans and pigs
-> Recombination with an existing virus leads to pandemic

21
Q

How do viruses jump species?

A

Direct jump from ducks to humans

Adaption e.g. Duck to pig to pig to human

Reassortment Human and duck transfer to pig -> pig transfers virus to human

22
Q

Explain the 2009 flu pandemic by antigenic shift

A

1918 H1N1 -> Classical swine H1N1
? -> North American Avain and H3N2 virus

Classical swine H1N1, North American Avian, H3N2 human virus -> North American swine H3N2 and H1N2
? -> Eurasian ‘Avian-like’ swine H1N1

These 3 viruses form human 2009pdm H1N1

Medical Microbiology (18 decks)

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