lecture 17, angiosperms

Question 1

what is the significance of Angeion?

Answer 1

largest phylum of photosynthetic organisms

Question 2

when did angiosperms first appear?

Answer 2

140 mya

Question 3

what are the distinctive features of angiosperms?

Answer 3

flowers and fruits

Question 4

the flower contains:

Answer 4

a determinate shoot, sporophylls- sporangium-bearing leaves, carpel (contains ovules), inflorescences or solitary flowers

Question 5

what are sterile appendages?

Answer 5

sepals (calyx) and petals (corolla)
-attached to receptacle

Question 6

what is a perianth

Answer 6

sepals and petals together

Question 7

what is a tepal

Answer 7

undifferentiated perianth

Question 8

What are the fertile parts of an angiosperm?

Answer 8

gynoecium/carpels. contains:
- ovary
- style
- stigma

androecium/stamens. contains:
- filament
- anther

Question 9

what are the 4 whorls of an angiosperm?

Answer 9

sepal, petal, stamen, carpel

Question 10

what can flowers be clustered into?

Answer 10

inflorescences

Question 11

what is a penduncle?

Answer 11

stalk of cluster or solitary flower

Question 12

what is a pedicel?

Answer 12

stalk of individual flower in a cluster

Question 13

what compound does the hemlock plant produce

Answer 13

umbel

Question 14

what are ovules partitioned into?

Answer 14

locules

Question 15

what are inflorescences?

Answer 15

many flowers as opposed to one single flower

Question 16

what is a locule?

Answer 16

a compartment, a level of organization within the ovary

Question 17

where are vascular bundles found in angiosperms?

Answer 17

in ovary walls

Question 18

what are the variations in flower structure? plant structure?

Answer 18

flowers: perfect and imperfect

plants: monoecious and dioecious

Question 19

what are perfect flowers?

Answer 19

bisexual/hermaphrodite, both stamens and carpels

Question 20

what are imperfect flowers?

Answer 20

unisexual, either staminate or carpellate (pistillate)

Question 21

what is a monoecious plant?

Answer 21

has both sets of flowers

Question 22

what is a dioecious plant?

Answer 22

female and male plants

Question 23

what is a hypogynous flower?

Answer 23

sepals, petals, and stamens below ovary

Question 24

what is a perigynous flower?

Answer 24

SPS fused to form cup-shaped extension of receptacle, hypanthium

Question 25

what is an epigynous flower?

Answer 25

SPS above the ovaries

Question 26

What is Epigyny

Answer 26

sepals, petals and stamens arise from top of ovary

Question 27

what is perigyny

Answer 27

flowers SPS attached to hypanthium

Question 28

what does a pollen grain contain?

Answer 28

sperm cells and a vegetative nucleus

Question 29

microspores are found within the ...

Answer 29

anther

Question 30

megaspores are found within the...

Answer 30

ovule

Question 31

how many microspores are within each anther?

Answer 31

4 - each divides into a microgametophyte after meiosis

Question 32

how many megaspores are within an ovule?

Answer 32

4 haploid megaspores result after meiosis. 3 disintegrate and 1 develops into megagametophyte

Question 33

what does each microspores divide into?

Answer 33

a vegetative, or tube cell and generative cell - an immature microgametophyte / pollen grain

Question 34

what happens during germination?

Answer 34

generative cell divides into two sperm cells (mature microgametophyte)

Question 35

the 4th female megaspore develops into ...

Answer 35

a megagametophyte

Question 36

a zygote is formed by..

Answer 36

the 1st sperm fusing with the egg

Question 37

what does the 2nd sperm cell do?

Answer 37

fuses with 2 polar nuclei --> triploid primary endosperm nucleus - nutritive tissue of embryo

Question 38

the embryo develops in what

Answer 38

within the embryo sac

Question 39

what does the integument develop into?

Answer 39

the seed coat

Question 40

what are the 4 groups angiosperms are divided into?

Answer 40

1. dicots 2. monocots 3. magnoliid 4. basal angiosperms

Question 41

traits of magnoliids

Answer 41

- 3rd group of angiosperms - one family: magnoliaceae - representative of early angiosperms - simple flowers

Question 42

what is ANITA?

Answer 42

Amborella, Nymphaeales and Iliciales, Trimeniaceae-Austrobaileya