Lecture 17 - Respiratory Physiology # 1 Flashcards
What is the epiglottis’ job?
To cover the trachea during swallowing so choking doesn’t occur
Why is it important for the alveoli to be so thin?
So gas exchange can be as efficient as possible
Which segments of the respiratory system contain cilia?
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles and Some Respiratory Bronchioles
Which structures in the respiratory system contain cartilage?
Trachea, Bronchi (patchy)
Where is pressure lower: intrapleural or intrapulmonary
Intrapleural pressure is lower than intrapulmonary pressure and this is what prevents lungs from collapsing
Where is intrapulmonary pressure referring to?
Inside the lungs
Where does gas exchange occur in the lung’s anatomy?
Beyond the level of bronchioles = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Is costal breathing normal breathing?
No, we might see costal breathing during dyspnea or when the abdomen is painful
Costal breathing = requires intercostal muscles. AKA shallow breathing.
When is intrapulmonary pressure slightly positive during the respiratory cycle?
On expiration
What pathology may be secondary to hyperventilation?
Respiratory alkalosis
Low blood CO2 levels
What structures of the respiratory system contain smooth muscle?
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Respiratory bronchioles (some), alveolar ducts (some)
What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?
Warm and humidify air
What is the purpose of pleural fluid?
To greatly reduce friction between lung and chest wall
What does pliability refer to? Why might this be important?
The ability for the nares to dilate. This is important if an animal needs more air or if they are obligate nose breathers
What happens to f (breathe rate) in a disease state?
Increases (usually)
Define ventilation:
The exchange of gas that is in the airways and alveoli with atmospheric air thus replenishing alveoli with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
What is tidal volume? (V T)
Total volume of air brought into the body during one normal breath
includes dead space and alveolar volume
What is the average mL/Kg for Tidal Volume?
~15mL/Kg
Term for: excess and reduced CO2
Hypercapnia or hypocapnia
Tachypnea
Rapid shallow breaths (different from hyperventilation) after exercise
Definition for respiration
Movement of oxygen into the animal and distribution to the tissue along with the movement of carbon dioxide out of the tissues and expelled from the animal
Polypnea
Rapid breathing e.g. panting
not tachypnea which is rapid and shallow
Pleura
Thin membranes adhering body cavities to body walls
Normoventilation
Normal, usual breathing
CO2 levels maintained within the normal range (~40mmHg)
