Lecture 19 fishing methods Flashcards
types of hook and line fishing (4)
-Pole and Line (angling) : normal fishing (1 rod 1 guy etc)
-Handline: Boat is anchored, line is held without a rod by fisherman.
-Longline: Long fishing line with multiple hooks attached to a float
-trolling: Dragging multiple longline fishing lines behind a boat
Nets history (2)
-Allowed the development of more efficient (fish caught/person) gears
-date back to Neolithic times where Woven flax nets with sinkers were used to catch fish from Danish middens & Swiss lake sites
Types of nets (2 categories 1=4, 2=2)
Catch by containment
* mobile traps
* lift nets
* seines
* trawls
catch by entanglement
* gill nets
* Can be fixed or drift
Traps without nets (3)
-Pots
-Stone traps
-Some Weirs
What are stone traps
Created by arranging stones in a U shape (opening facing land ) to a height that is submerged at high tide, and above the surface at low tide. Fish swim into the trap 2 high tide and become locked as the water level drops
What are weirs
Similar to stone traps weirs work by trapping fish in the intertidal zone. Weirs are typically made of wood and used mainly in rivers rather than open water.
Traps with nets (6)
-cod traps
-lift nets
-Seines
-Net Trawling
-Gill Nets
-cast nets
What are cod traps
Cod Traps have 4 walls and a floor made of netting with one wall having a 1 way door to trap the cod with. Also can be used for Sablefish, crabs and a multitude of other species
What are lift nets
Lift nets sit bellow the water and are pulled up vertically by fisherman (like that one Mario party mini game where you catch the golden cheep cheeps)
What are seines
a fishing net which hangs vertically in the water with floats at the top and weights at the bottom edge, with the ends being drawn together to encircle the fish.
What are gill nets
Nets that hang horizontally in the water designed to allow fish to get only their head through the netting but not their body. The fish’s gills then get caught in the mesh as the fish tries to back out of the net
what are Cast Nets
It is a circular net with small weights distributed around its edge. The net is cast or thrown by hand in such a manner that it spreads out while it’s in the air before it sinks into the water
Pre-industrial fisheries (2, 4 points each)
Subsistence (family feeding)
* local in nature
* exploitation of local stocks
* exploitation of migratory stocks at specific sites
* limit to demand set by local population size
“Commercial” (town feeding)
* including barter etc..
* preservation required for food-fish (drying, smoking, & salting)
* less preservation required for bone
* demand now on a broader scale
The First industrialization (Steam) (4)
Steam engine and industrial mobilization of 19th century
-Influenced fisheries from mid 1800’s
-Railroads opened inland markets causing oil production from menhaden along the
eastern seaboard
-Distant markets required preservation by ice meaning captured fish spent 10 days - 3 weeks on ice.
-trimethylamine began to build up in the stored fish as bacterial growth increased = fishy smell
The role of Steamships (4)
-Rapid transport of fish from fishing grounds
-provided platform and power for the otter (net) trawl as the ships were unaffected by wind and weather
-allowed fleets to range further in order to maintain catch rates of rapidly declining populations
-Beginning of the industrialization of fisheries
