Lecture 19: Reproductive Anatomy I

Question 1

The bony pelvis is composed of which 4 bones?

Answer 1

Sacrum, coccyx, 2 innominate bones.
Each innominate bone is formed from the fusion of the ilium, ischium, pubis.

Question 2

Which 3 joints exist on the female bony pelvis? Which position can increase pelvic diameter?

Answer 2

Sacroiliac, sacrococcygeals, pubic symphysis

Question 3

Name 3 differences between female vs. male pelvis.

Answer 3

Ex.
Female pelvic inlets is rounder/larger, subpubic angle of over 90 degrees, ischial tuberosities more everted.

Question 4

What are the dimension names for the gynecoid pelvis?

Answer 4

Transverse x anterioposterior diameter.

Question 5

The _______ ligament is a double fold of the ________ peritoneum, divided into which three regions?

Answer 5

Broad, parietal. Mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium.

Question 6

What are the functions of the mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium?

Answer 6

Mesovarium: double-layered, supports ovaries
Mesosalpinx: supports uterine tubes
Mesometrium: supports uterus

Question 7

Where are do the round ligaments originate, exit, and insert?

Answer 7

Originate: Uterine horns
Exit: Deep inguinal ring
Insert: Labia majora

Question 8

Name the functions of the ovarian, uterosacral, and cardinal ligaments.

Answer 8

Ovarian = anchor ovaries to uterus
Uterosacral = connect cervix to sacrum
Cardinal = lateral cervix to pelvic wall

Question 9

Name the four muscles of the perineum.

Answer 9

ischiocavernosus muscle
bulbospongiosus muscle
superficial transverse perineal muscle
deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 10

Name the 5 muscles of levator ani (pelvic floor muscles)

Answer 10

iliococcygeus muscle
pubococcygeus muscle
puborectalis muscle
perineal body

Question 11

Which muscle lines the bladder?

Answer 11

Destrusor muscle

Question 12

Which glands line the male urethra?

Answer 12

Bulbourethral glands

Question 13

What is inside the ischiocavernous muscle? Bulbospongiosus?

Answer 13

IC = corpus cavernosum
BS = corpus spongiosum

Question 14

What are the male gonads? What do they do?

Answer 14

Gonads = testes
1. produce sperm
2. secrete hormones

Question 15

What is the function of the penis? Scrotum?

Answer 15

Penis = deliver sperm to female repro tract
Scrotum = holds testes, provides functional temperature

Question 16

The scrotum is a sac of skin and _________ _________ that hangs outside of the ____________ cavity. It can change its ___________ _______ to maintain ___________ temperature. Why is this important?

Answer 16

Superficial fascia, abdominopelvic, surface area, intrascrotal.
Important because adequate temperature is essential to the development of viable sperm.

Question 17

What does the cremaster muscle do? Dartos muscle?

Answer 17

Cremaster = originates from internal obliques. Elevates testes when cold.
Dartos = smooth muscle in superficial fascia. Wrinkles skin when cold.

Question 18

What are the three erectile tissues in the penis?

Answer 18

2 corpora cavernosa
Corpus spongiosum (keeps urethra open during ejaculation)

Question 19

What does the smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the bladder prevent?

Answer 19

Prevents release of urine, semen entering bladder during ejaculation

Question 20

The testes are divided into 250 ________ by septa, extending from the _______ _________.

Answer 20

Lobules, tunica, albuginea

Question 21

Each testes lobule has 1-4 __________ tubules. What do these do?

Answer 21

Seminiferous. “Sperm factory.”

Question 22

Which cells are found in testes tubules? Their supporting cells? Which cells produce testosterone?

Answer 22

Spermatogenic, sertoli, leydig

Question 23

Label the male accessory ducts from proximal to distal.

Answer 23

Ductus epididymis
Ductus deferens
Spermatic cord
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

Question 24

Which duct conveys sperm toward the urethra via waves of persistalsis?

Answer 24

Ductus deferencs

Question 25

Which duct contains ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampniform plexus (veins), nerves, etc?

Answer 25

Spermatic cord

Question 26

Where do sperm mature and gain the ability to swim?

Answer 26

Ductus epididymis

Question 27

Which duct is the site where the ampulla of the ductus deferens joins with the duct of the seminal vesicle? Where does it terminate?

Answer 27

Ejaculatory duct. It terminates in the prostatic urethra

Question 28

Seminal vesicles secrete semen. What is this fluid HIGH in?

Answer 28

Fructose, prostaglandins, clotting factors, alkaline factors

Question 29

The prostate secretes a milky fluid HIGH in what?

Answer 29

Citric acid, proteolytic enzymes, antimicrobialfactors

Question 30

Which two substances do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

Answer 30

Lubricating mucous, alkaline fluid

Question 31

What do the ovaries produce?

Answer 31

Ova, estrogen, progesterone

Question 32

The ________ _______ contains the ______ and supportive tissues where gametes develop.

Answer 32

Ovarian cortex, follicles

Question 33

Deep to the cortex, the _____ ________ contains circulation, _________, and nerves.

Answer 33

Ovarian medulla, lymphatics

Question 34

Where do the uterine tubes extend from? They curve around the ovary to form what?

Answer 34

Isthmus. Ampulla.

Question 35

What does the uterine tube ampulla form at its terminal? What are the finger-like projections called?

Answer 35

Infundibulum. Fimbriae.

Question 36

What are the three layers of the uterine tubes?

Answer 36

Mucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 37

What are the three parts of the uterus?

Answer 37

Fundus, body, cervix

Question 38

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?

Answer 38

Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

Question 39

What type of tissue makes up the vagina?

Answer 39

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue

Question 40

The clitoris contains two _________ __________ continuous with the _______ of the clitoris. What is the exposed portion called, and what is the "hood" called?

Answer 40

Corpora cavernosa, crura. Glans clitoris, covered by prepuce.

Question 41

What the the region between labia minora called? Which two types of glands exist here?

Answer 41

Vestibule. Paraurethral, greater vestibular glands.

Question 42

The bulb of the vestibule is two _________ masses of _________ tissue deep to the ________. What is the fourchette?

Answer 42

Elongated, erectile, labia. Where labia minora come together at posterior end of vestibule (taint).