Lecture 19 - The Face Flashcards
(27 cards)
Growing a Face
- Brachial arch formation: derived from gill structures in fish, dorsal cells migrate ventrally (patterning by Hox)
- Placode development: specialized cells that give rise to the ear (otic), eye (optic), and nose (nasal)
- Fusion: mandibular and maxillary processes fuse at the midline, shelves of the palate roate and fuse
Function of the palate
-separates the nasal passage from the mouth during swallowing

Palatal Muscles
- Tensor veli palatini muscle: CN V3
- Levator veli palatini muscle: CN X
- both elevate & stiffen the palate, attach at basicranium and soft palate
What facial structure does the frontonasal prominence give rise to?
-upper face/forehead
What facial structure do the nasal and maxillary prominences give rise to?
Midface
What facial structures does the mandibular prominence give rise to?
Lower face
What facial structure does the optic placode give rise to?
Eye
What facial structure does the olfactory placode give rise to?
Nose
What facial structure does the stomodeum give rise to?
Mouth
What are the facial bones?
-zygomatic (2), maxilla, nasal (2), lacrimal (2), mandible, vomer, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae (2), palatine (2)

Facial Sinuses
-open spaces within the skull

Anterior Eye Cavity Wall
-fibrous structure containing lids (tarsal plates) and septum

Conjuctiva
-thin mucus membrane lining the eyelid and eye

Eye Lubrication
Tears from lacrimal glands move inferior/medial across the eye, drain through punctum, canaliculi, to lacrimal sac and through nasal cavity
*runny nose when you cry: thinning mucus with tears

Extrinsic Eye Muscles
-attachments: common tendinous ring, schlera

Nasal Cavity
- turbinates create turbulence
- nasal septum: ethmoid, vomer, palatine and nasal cartilage
- nasal choana: common region posterior to nasal septum, anterior margin of nasopharynx

Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
- 4 on the superior tongue
- innervated by CN XII

Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
- styloglossus
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- palatoglossus
- all insert into intrinsic tongue muscles
- all innervated by CN XII or CN X
Pharynx
-space at the back of the nose, mouth and throat

Muscles of facial expression
Epicranius (frontalis + occipitalis), corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus major, buccinator, orbicularis oris, platysma
- all attach to skull and facial skin
- innervated by CN VII
What is the function of the epicranius muscle?
- Epicranius = frontalis + occipitalis
- brow elevation
What is the function of the corrugator supercilii muscle?
-furrowed brow
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
-only muscle that closes the eyelid
What is the function of the buccinator muscle?
- walls of cheek
- important during chewing