Lecture 2

Question 1

What period did zygentoma appear?

Answer 1

Late silurian or early devonian

Question 2

What feature do zygentoma have on their tails?

Answer 2

3 long caudal filaments

Question 3

What feature fo Firebrats have?

Answer 3

Tolerance to heat

Question 4

When did orthoptera evolve?

Answer 4

Late carboniferous

Question 5

What type of metamorphosis do orthoptera go through?

Answer 5

Incomplete metamorphosis

Question 6

What is density dependent phase polyphenism?

Answer 6

When the population reaches a certain amount, the phenotype of the grasshoppper changes

Question 7

In the family acrididae what are the swarming phase called?

Answer 7

Locusts

Question 8

What is acridophobia?

Answer 8

Phobia of locusts/grasshoppers

Question 9

When did phasmids appear?

Answer 9

carboniferous

Question 10

What kind of metamorphosis do phasmatodea go through?

Answer 10

Incomplete metamorphosis

Question 11

Why did leaf insects occur after stick insects?

Answer 11

The angiosperm radiation led to new plants, and them phasmids evolved mimicry

Question 12

What is an example of a family within the phasmids that can mimic leaves?

Answer 12

Phylliidae

Question 13

When did blattodea appear?

Answer 13

Permian

Question 14

What kind of system do termites have and who is involved in it?

Answer 14

They are eusocial, they have a caste system with a king and 1 or more queens, and numerous sterile workers and soldiers

Question 15

Why do sexually mature termites have wings?

Answer 15

To disperse and establish new colonies

Question 16

Are cockroaches colonial?

Answer 16

No but they have a tendency to aggregate

Question 17

what similarities do cockroaches and termites have?

Answer 17

social behaviours, trail following, kin recognition and methods of communication

Question 18

when did odonata appear?

Answer 18

early triassic

Question 19

All odonata have aquatic larvae called _______?

Answer 19

nymphs

Question 20

What diet do odonata have?

Answer 20

Carnivorous and insectivorous

Question 21

What is a suborder of dragonflies?

Answer 21

Epiprocta

Question 22

What is a suborder of damselflies?

Answer 22

Zygoptera

Question 23

What order do entomologists reserve the word “bug” for?

Answer 23

Hemiptera

Question 24

What mouthparts do hemiptera have?

Answer 24

piercing-sucking mouthparts

Question 25

What kind of metamorphosis do hemipterans go through?

Answer 25

Incomplete metamophosis

Question 26

How do aphids reproduce

Answer 26

parthenogenesis

Question 27

What are examples of beetles in coleoptera?

Answer 27

Dung beetles, june beetles, rhinocerous beetles, hercules, asian ladybeetle

Question 28

What is the modified hardened forewings in beetles called?

Answer 28

Elytra

Question 29

How much of the abdomen does the elytra usually cover

Answer 29

The entire body

Question 30

What are examples of beetles that vary from normal? How?

Answer 30

Blister beetles are soft bodied, rove beetles have a short elytra

Question 31

When did coleoptera appear?

Answer 31

Early triassic

Question 32

When did hymenoptera appear?

Answer 32

early triassic

Question 33

What kind of clade are bees?

Answer 33

Monophyletic

Question 34

What superfamily are bees in?

Answer 34

Apoidea

Question 35

What clade are bees presently apart of?

Answer 35

Anthophila

Question 36

Are bees social or solitary

Answer 36

some are social but most are solitary

Question 37

What suborder are wasps in?

Answer 37

Apocrita

Question 38

Are wasps monophyletic or paraphyletic?

Answer 38

Paraphyletic

Question 39

What clade of wasps can sting?

Answer 39

Aculeata

Question 40

How did the stinger evolve?

Answer 40

Modification of the ovipositor

Question 41

What family are paper wasps a part of?

Answer 41

Vespidae

Question 42

When did wasps appear?

Answer 42

Jurassic

Question 43

Ants are eusocial insects of the family ______?

Answer 43

formicidae

Question 44

Ants appeared during what period?

Answer 44

cretaceous

Question 45

What are worker ants called?

Answer 45

ergates

Question 46

soldier ants are called?

Answer 46

dinergates

Question 47

what are fertile make ants called?

Answer 47

drones

Question 48

what are fertile females called

Answer 48

queens/gynes

Question 49

What is a large colony called?

Answer 49

Superorganism

Question 50

When did lepidoptera appear?

Answer 50

Early triassic

Question 51

What characterizes lepidoptera?

Answer 51

The presence of scales that cover the bodies, wings and a proboscis

Question 52

What kind of metamorphosis does lepidoptera go through?

Answer 52

Complete metamophosis

Question 53

Why do some caterpillars have hairy outgrowths

Answer 53

defense mechanism for not being eaten

Question 54

What is the middle segment of the thorax called?

Answer 54

mesothorax

Question 55

What is the posterior thoracic segment called?

Answer 55

metathorax

Question 56

What are the reduced hind wings on a fly called?

Answer 56

halteres

Question 57

What mouthparts do flies and mosquitos have?

Answer 57

piercing and sucking/ lapping and sucking

Question 58

What are maggots?

Answer 58

Larvae of the higher fly groups

Question 59

When did diptera appear?

Answer 59

Early triassic

Question 60

What are the 3R’s

Answer 60

Replacement, reduction, refinement

Question 61

What does replacement mean?

Answer 61

substitute animals with non living models and material

Question 62

what does reduction mean?

Answer 62

reduce the number of animals used

Question 63

what does refinement mean?

Answer 63

use practices that avoid or minimize the suffering of the animals which still need to be used