Lecture 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What determines a protein’s structure?
The properties and order of the amino acids
Side chain properties define the _______ __ _____.
Chemistry of proteins
Amino acids are linked by ________ _____ called _______ _____.
Covalent bonds called peptide bonds
Primary protein structure
Proteins are also known as ____________.
Polypeptides
Secondary protein structure
Hydrogen bonds between ______ ____ ____ ______ ____ _________ __ _____ __ ____ ________.
Nearby amino acids cause the polypeptide to twist (alpha helix) or form sheets (beta sheets)
Tertiary protein structure
Chemistry between side chains ______ ______-_____ _______.
Causes higher-order folding
Quaternary protein structure
Individual proteins interact to form _______, determined by _____ _______ and ________.
Complexes, determined by their structure and chemistry
What are 3 polymers of glucose but in different forms?
-amylose (a component of starch)
-cellulose
-chitin
A slight difference in ______ _____ in amylose, chitin and cellulose creates a huge difference in their properties
Glucose bonds
What are 3 properties of Cell Theory?
- All living things are compose of 1 or more cells
- The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
- Cells arise only from the division of pre-existing cells
In the 1600s, Robert Hooke looked at _____ ____.
Cork cells
In the 1600s, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek made a better __________ and saw “ many _____ ______ ________, very prettily a-moving”
Microscope, “many very little animacules, very prettily a-moving”
In the 1800s, Theodore Schwann and Matthias Schleiden determined what?
All living organisms are made of cells
In the 1800s, Robert Remak and Rudolph Virchow proposed…?
Proposed that all cells come from previous cells
Louis Pastuer confirmed what about Remak and Virchow’s proposal?
He confirmed that their hypothesis by demonstrating that the long-standing theory of spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) was bunk
What is one example of a cell that is macroscopic?
Xylem vessel cells from wood
Surface area must be ________ to allow _________ __ _____ between the cell and its surroundings
Sufficient to allow exchange of stuff
Microscopy
Define resolution.
The ability of a microscope to distinguish 2 objects as being separate
Microscopy
Higher __________ increases resolution
Magnification
Microscopy
Higher _______ gives more detail, but can’t increase _________.
Contrast, resolution
What are 2 types of microscopy?
Light microscopy and electron microscopy
What are the 3 types of light microscopy?
- Reflected light
- Transmitted light
- Fluorescence
What are the 2 types of electron microscopy?
- Transmission
- Scanning
*add more about microscopes
Lecture 2
