Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the flow of genetic information?

Answer 1

Gene to RNA to Protein (gene expression)

Question 2

Biology is the study of what?

Answer 2

Life

Question 3

What is the central dogma of molecular bio?

Answer 3

Genetic information only flows in one direction

Question 4

DNA base pairs

Answer 4

Adenine + Thymine and Guanine + Cytosine

Question 5

RNA base pairs

Answer 5

Adenine + Urasil and Guanine + Cytosine

Question 6

What is transcription?

Answer 6

The process by which DNA is copied onto RNA

Question 7

What is translation?

Answer 7

The process by which RNA is used to produce proteins

Question 8

What is protein folding?

Answer 8

The physical process by which a protein chain is translated into its native 3-dimensional structure

Question 9

List the 7 characteristics of life:

Answer 9

Genetic info, Movement, Metabolism, Reproduction, Differentiation, Communication, Evolution

Question 10

Genetic information is usually in the form of ___ but sometimes ___

Answer 10

Usually DNA, sometimes RNA

Question 11

Movement (One the 7 characteristics of life):

Answer 11

via self propulsion; cells require internal movement to relocate organelles and transport nutrients in and out of the cell

Question 12

Metabolism (One the 7 characteristics of life):

Answer 12

Chemical transformation of nutrients;
* All living things take in matter and energy from their environment and change them into new forms

Question 13

Reproduction (One the 7 characteristics of life):

Answer 13

• generation of two cells from one (asexual)
• or generation of one cell from two (sexual)

Question 14

Differentiation (One the 7 characteristics of life):

Answer 14

• synthesis of new substances or structures that can modify the cell
• occurs at the single cell level **whereas development requires multicellularity

Question 15

Communication

Answer 15

• generation of, and response to signals, specifically chemical

Question 16

Evolution

Answer 16

adaptation to the environment and passing the new traits onto offspring (genetic changes in cells that are transferred to offspring

Question 17

Your acronym for memorizing the 7 characteristics of life?

Answer 17

Grandma Moved Many Roads During Common Era:
(gene expression, movement, metabolism, reproduction, differentiation, communication, evolution)

Question 18

Cell definition:
* it is the “___________” unit of life

Answer 18

A cell is the smallest unit with the capacity to live and reproduce independently or as part of a multicellular organism. * It is the “fundamental unit of life”