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Medical Wellness > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

macronutrients

A

protein, carbohydrates, fat

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2
Q

Dietary reference intake

A
  • protein: 10-35%
  • carb: 45-65%
  • fat: 20-35%
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3
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

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4
Q

what type of vitamin is at a higher risk of toxicity?

A

Fat soluble vitamins

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5
Q

Vitamin A

A

vision and fetal eye development

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6
Q

Sources of vitamin A

A

animal sources, plant sources (carrot)

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7
Q

Vitamin D

A

promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate

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8
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets (children)
Osteomalacia (adults)

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9
Q

Vitamin D insufficiency

A

it is common and you will likely diagnose and treat this

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10
Q

Sources of vitamin D

A

Sun, fatty fish, egg yolks

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11
Q

Vitamin E role

A

antioxidant
- free radical scavenger

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12
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

-cause neuromuscular disorder and hemolysis
- leads to vitamin K deficiency

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13
Q

Sources of vitamin E

A

nuts, vegetable oil, leafy vegetables
**alpha-tocophreol is the most active form and the only form that meets human requirements

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14
Q

Vitamin K role

A

clotting, 2,7,9,10

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15
Q

sources of vitamin K

A

green leafy vegetables, fat/oils

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16
Q

vitamin K deficiency

A

normal in newborns

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17
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folic acid

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18
Q

Vitamin B role

A

coenzyme for Krebs cycle

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19
Q

Role of thiamin B

A

require coenzyme to fuel myocardial contraction

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20
Q

Thiamin deficiency

A

Berberi

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21
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff

A

Thiamine deficiency

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22
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Acute
-confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

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23
Q

Korsakoff syndrome

A

Chronic
-amnesia
-confabulation

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24
Q

Thiamin sources

A

yeast, legumes, pork, brown rice

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25
cause of thiamin deficiency
loop diuretics, alcoholism, malabsorption, inadequate intake
26
Riboflavin Role
development of healthy skin, eyes, tongue, nerve function, digestion, energy metabolism
27
Riboflavin source
yeast, egg, beef liver, dairy/milk, fish
28
Niacin role
energy metabolism, DNA repair
29
Niacin source
meat, fish, fruit, vegetables
30
Niacin deficiency
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
31
Pantothenic acid
deficiency and toxicity are both extremely rare
32
Pyridoxine B6 role
energy metabolism, red blood cell metabolism
33
B6 deficiency
sideroblastic anemia
34
Biotin B7
hair, skin, nails
35
Folate Vitamin B9
occurs naturally in food
36
Role of folate
cell replication, DNA and RNA synthesis, prevention of neural tube defect
37
Folate deficiency
megaloblastic anemia, birth defects
38
Vitamin B12`
DNA synthesis, CNS development, growth
39
B12 deficiency
pernicious anemia, neurologic symptoms
40
what deficiency can mask B12 deficiency?
Folate
41
Vitamin C
collagen production, immune function
42
Vitamin C deficiency
decrease immune response, leads to scurvy
43
source of vitamin C
fruits and vegetables
44
Hypocalcemia
osteoporosis, chvostk's sign, trousseau's
45
phosphorus role
formation of bone and teeth, energy metabolism
46
Hypophosphatemia
hyperparathyroidism, bone and intestinal disease
47
hyperphosphatemia
renal insufficiency
48
What is the most prevalent anion in ECF
chloride
49
magnesium role
energy production, DNA synthesis, smooth muscle contraction
50
Hypomagenesmia
Refeeding syndrome
51
potassium
Major cation in ICF - maintains water balance, osmotic equilibrium, acid base balance
52
what leads to tornadoes de pointes
hypokalemia
53
Sodium role
regulate extracellular and plasma volume, acid base balance
54
Is hyponatremia very common?
Yes
55
What is one thing you have t determine for treatment f sodium
determine the extracellular fluid volume to determine the treatment
56
Sulfur role
joint/connective tissue health
57
Increase need for iron?
pregnancy
58
Iodine main function
needed to synthesize thyroid hormones
59
Iodine is the most common cause of ____in the world
brain damage
60
Zinc role
immunity, wound healing, taste/smell, DNA synthesis
61
who are deficient in zinc?
vegetarians
62
fluoride recommendation
not before 6 months
63
PKU
autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism
64
diagnosis of PKU
urine with musty odor
65
treatment for PKU
dietary restriction of phenylalanine and tyrosine supplement

Medical Wellness (5 decks)

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