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Medical Wellness > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many Americans have one or more types of CVD

A

1 in 3

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2
Q

Every _____ seconds an American suffers a coronary event

A

25

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3
Q

Every ____ seconds, someone in US suffers from stroke

A

40

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4
Q

When was the Framingham Heart Study done?

A

1948

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5
Q

Found high bp and high cholesterol levels shown to increase likelihood of heart disease

A

1957

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6
Q

Cholesterol level, bp, and electrocardiogram abnormalities found to increase the risk of heart disease

A

1961

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7
Q

high levels of HDL cholesterol found to reduce risk of death

A

1988

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8
Q

New genetic associated with blood lipid levels, lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL are reported in a study based on data

A

2013

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9
Q

MI

A

clot traveled to the heart and cause a blockage

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10
Q

Stroke

A

clot traveled to the brain

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11
Q

what does total TG level indicate?

A

measurement of TG carried on the VLDL and IDL remnants

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12
Q

chylomicrons

A

largest lipoproteins which transport fat and cholesterol

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13
Q

Prevention

A

*heart healthy diet
*Regular exercise
*avoidance of tobacco products
*maintenance of healthy weight

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14
Q

What is the max sodium a day?

A

2400mg

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15
Q

How much exercise a week?

A

150 minutes

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16
Q

Nutrition management

A

*Dash or Mediterranean diet
*Weight reduction
*Increase dietary fiber
*add omega 3 fat from food sources

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17
Q

Underlying risk factors for HF

A

*HTN
*diabetes
*ASCVD
*LVH
*obesity

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18
Q

Grade B (low to moderate dose statins)

A

*40-75 y/o
*no history of CVD
*>1 CVD risk
10 year risk of >10%

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19
Q

Grade C (discuss the use of statin)

A

*40-75 y/o
*No history of CVD
*> CVD risk factors
*10 y CVD risk of 7.5-10%

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20
Q

Role of CoQ10

A

*for patients on statin, helps with the muscle pain

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21
Q

magnesium deficiency

A

*poor prognosis for HF
* cause electrolyte imbalance

22
Q

Thiamin

A

Needed for cardiac contraction

23
Q

What constitutes severe HTN?

A

Systolic bp >160 or diastolic >90

24
Q

which is considered heart protective?

A

HDL

25
Q

what level LDL meets threshold for concern?

A

> 130

26
Q

COPD suggestion

A

smoking cessation

27
Q

Decrease in hemoglobin

A

deficiency in protein and iron

28
Q

What deficiency leads to compromise of respiratory muscle function

A

calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium

29
Q

what is responsible for colloid pressure?

A

albumen

30
Q

atopy

A

genetic tendency to develop allergic disease

31
Q

magnesium supplementation in asthma

A

relax smooth muscles

32
Q

Omega 3 in asthma

A

found to reduce wheezing in asthmatic during early childhood

33
Q

When will asthmatic patient need calcium and vitamin D

A

chronic steroid use

34
Q

SE of bronchodilators

A

dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

35
Q

Emphysema presentation

A

appears cachectic

36
Q

chronic bronchitis presentation

A

normal or overweight

37
Q

Skin fold measurement

A

percent of lean body mass compare to body fat

38
Q

goal of COPD

A
  1. prevention of weight loss
  2. prevent loss of lean body mass
39
Q

BMI goal of COPD

A

20-24

40
Q

How much alcohol to limit in patient with COPD

A

less than 2 drink per day

41
Q

What percentage of COPD experience malnutrition?

A

3-6%

42
Q

Why do we monitor the pt’s nutritional status and not just he BMI?

A

Can hold fluid therefore BMI might appear normal

43
Q

COPD vitamins

A

C, calcium and D

44
Q

Vitamin C

A

perserving hemoglobin

45
Q

Why we need calcium and vitamin D for COPD

A

Osteoporosis is common in pt

46
Q

Sudden drop in height in pt with COPD

A

mark for developing osteoporosis

47
Q

What screening is performed in newborns?

A

CF screening within 2-3 days of birth

48
Q

What is the most common GI complication associated with CF

A

Pancreatic insufficiency

49
Q

When should CF patient start yearly screening?

A

10 y/o

50
Q

What is the most common comorbidity in pt with CF

A

diabetes

51
Q

Why pt with CF have bone disease

A

*chronic corticosteroid use
*malabsorption

52
Q

What does CF and COPD have in common

A

closely monitored for malnutritions

Medical Wellness (5 decks)

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