Lecture 4

Question 1

How many Americans have one or more types of CVD

Answer 1

1 in 3

Question 2

Every _____ seconds an American suffers a coronary event

Answer 2

25

Question 3

Every ____ seconds, someone in US suffers from stroke

Answer 3

40

Question 4

When was the Framingham Heart Study done?

Answer 4

1948

Question 5

Found high bp and high cholesterol levels shown to increase likelihood of heart disease

Answer 5

1957

Question 6

Cholesterol level, bp, and electrocardiogram abnormalities found to increase the risk of heart disease

Answer 6

1961

Question 7

high levels of HDL cholesterol found to reduce risk of death

Answer 7

1988

Question 8

New genetic associated with blood lipid levels, lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL are reported in a study based on data

Answer 8

2013

Question 9

MI

Answer 9

clot traveled to the heart and cause a blockage

Question 10

Stroke

Answer 10

clot traveled to the brain

Question 11

what does total TG level indicate?

Answer 11

measurement of TG carried on the VLDL and IDL remnants

Question 12

chylomicrons

Answer 12

largest lipoproteins which transport fat and cholesterol

Question 13

Prevention

Answer 13

*heart healthy diet
*Regular exercise
*avoidance of tobacco products
*maintenance of healthy weight

Question 14

What is the max sodium a day?

Answer 14

2400mg

Question 15

How much exercise a week?

Answer 15

150 minutes

Question 16

Nutrition management

Answer 16

*Dash or Mediterranean diet
*Weight reduction
*Increase dietary fiber
*add omega 3 fat from food sources

Question 17

Underlying risk factors for HF

Answer 17

*HTN
*diabetes
*ASCVD
*LVH
*obesity

Question 18

Grade B (low to moderate dose statins)

Answer 18

*40-75 y/o
*no history of CVD
*>1 CVD risk
10 year risk of >10%

Question 19

Grade C (discuss the use of statin)

Answer 19

*40-75 y/o
*No history of CVD
*> CVD risk factors
*10 y CVD risk of 7.5-10%

Question 20

Role of CoQ10

Answer 20

*for patients on statin, helps with the muscle pain

Question 21

magnesium deficiency

Answer 21

*poor prognosis for HF
* cause electrolyte imbalance

Question 22

Thiamin

Answer 22

Needed for cardiac contraction

Question 23

What constitutes severe HTN?

Answer 23

Systolic bp >160 or diastolic >90

Question 24

which is considered heart protective?

Answer 24

HDL

Question 25

what level LDL meets threshold for concern?

Answer 25

>130

Question 26

COPD suggestion

Answer 26

smoking cessation

Question 27

Decrease in hemoglobin

Answer 27

deficiency in protein and iron

Question 28

What deficiency leads to compromise of respiratory muscle function

Answer 28

calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium

Question 29

what is responsible for colloid pressure?

Answer 29

albumen

Question 30

atopy

Answer 30

genetic tendency to develop allergic disease

Question 31

magnesium supplementation in asthma

Answer 31

relax smooth muscles

Question 32

Omega 3 in asthma

Answer 32

found to reduce wheezing in asthmatic during early childhood

Question 33

When will asthmatic patient need calcium and vitamin D

Answer 33

chronic steroid use

Question 34

SE of bronchodilators

Answer 34

dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 35

Emphysema presentation

Answer 35

appears cachectic

Question 36

chronic bronchitis presentation

Answer 36

normal or overweight

Question 37

Skin fold measurement

Answer 37

percent of lean body mass compare to body fat

Question 38

goal of COPD

Answer 38

1. prevention of weight loss 2. prevent loss of lean body mass

Question 39

BMI goal of COPD

Answer 39

20-24

Question 40

How much alcohol to limit in patient with COPD

Answer 40

less than 2 drink per day

Question 41

What percentage of COPD experience malnutrition?

Answer 41

3-6%

Question 42

Why do we monitor the pt's nutritional status and not just he BMI?

Answer 42

Can hold fluid therefore BMI might appear normal

Question 43

COPD vitamins

Answer 43

C, calcium and D

Question 44

Vitamin C

Answer 44

perserving hemoglobin

Question 45

Why we need calcium and vitamin D for COPD

Answer 45

Osteoporosis is common in pt

Question 46

Sudden drop in height in pt with COPD

Answer 46

mark for developing osteoporosis

Question 47

What screening is performed in newborns?

Answer 47

CF screening within 2-3 days of birth

Question 48

What is the most common GI complication associated with CF

Answer 48

Pancreatic insufficiency

Question 49

When should CF patient start yearly screening?

Answer 49

10 y/o

Question 50

What is the most common comorbidity in pt with CF

Answer 50

diabetes

Question 51

Why pt with CF have bone disease

Answer 51

*chronic corticosteroid use *malabsorption

Question 52

What does CF and COPD have in common

Answer 52

closely monitored for malnutritions