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Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things does a virus need to be classified as a virus?

A
  1. Nucleic acid
  2. Capsid
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2
Q

What 2 things does a capsid do?

A
  1. Protects nucleic acid from degradation
  2. Has receptors that allow virus to bind and attach
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3
Q

What is an envelope made of?

A

Lipids

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4
Q

What are 2 things the envelopes do?

A

2nd layer of protection
1. protects nucleocapsid from environment
2. masks virus by looking like a self membrane

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5
Q

Where does the envelope come from?

A

It buds off from the host membrane along with host proteins
-this is why it the body recognizes it as self

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6
Q

What are the purpose of transmembrane proteins

A
  1. bind receptors to cell surface
  2. Fuses cellular and viral membranes–>lets nucleocapsid release into cytoplasm
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7
Q

What are the main differences between non-enveloped and enveloped viruses

A

Non-enveloped:
-are more stable than enveloped
-only has nucleic acid genome and protein capsid
-common in bacteria and plant viruses
Enveloped:
-less stable–>bilayer falls apart in harsh environments
-has nucleic acid, protein capsid, lipid envelope
-common in animal viruses

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8
Q

How do viruses contain/encapsulate their nucleic acid?

A

Use of repeated symmetric subunits

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of capsid symmetry?

A
  1. Icoshaedral
  2. Helical
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10
Q

What kind of capsid symmetry should be used if proteins are irregularly shaped and are not large enough to form 1 face?

A

Icosahedral

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11
Q

What kind of capsid symmetry should be used for negative stranded RNA viruses and need to be lengthened/shortened depending on genome

A

Helical

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12
Q

What type of capsid is the Tobacco Mosaic virus?

A

Helical

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13
Q

What are some of methods for determining viral structures

A
  1. ELectron microscopy–>whole capsids
  2. X ray crystallography–>individual proteins
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14
Q

What 3 ways are viruses classified?

A
  1. Species
  2. Genus
  3. Family
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15
Q

What do all viruses require to make proteins

A

mRNA and host ribosomes

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16
Q

What is Group 1 (Baltimore classification)

A

Double stranded DNA viruses

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17
Q

What is Group 2 (Baltimore classification)

A

Single stranded DNA viruses

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18
Q

What is Group 3 (Baltimore classification)

A

Double stranded RNA

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19
Q

What is Group 4 (Baltimore classification)

A

(+) Single stranded RNA

20
Q

What is Group 5 (Baltimore classification)

A

(-) Single stranded RNA

21
Q

What is Group 6 (Baltimore classification)

A

(+) Single stranded RNA w/ DNA intermdiate (Retrovirus)

22
Q

What is Group 7 (Baltimore classification)

A

Double stranded DNA with RNA intermediate

23
Q

Group 1: dsDNA characteristics

A

-Replicates in the nucleus
-genome is very stable
-most diverse sizes
-circular or linear genomes

24
Q

What viruses are in Group 1

A

-Adenovirus
-Papilomavirus
-Polyomavirus
-Poxvirus
-Herpesvirus

25
Group 2: ssDNA
-replicates in nucleus -small circular genomes -non-enveloped -genome potentially unstable
26
What viruses are in Group 2?
Paroviruses and Adeno-associated virus
27
Group 3: dsRNA characteristics
-NEEDS to bring their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase -segmented -all icosahedral -genome stable
28
What viruses are in Group 3?
Rotavirus
29
Group 4: (+) ssRNA
-can make proteins right away -replicates in cytoplasm -Encodes but does not need to bring in their own RNA-dependent RNA pol -genome unstable -most plants
30
What viruses are in Group 4
-SARS-COV-2 -Dengue -Yellow fever -Zika -Poliovirus -Chikungunya -Norovirus
31
Group 5: (-)ssRNA
-segmented & non segmented -NEED to bring in their own RNA-dependent RNA pol -Genome unstable -replicate in cytoplasm except influenza
32
What viruses are in Group 5
-Influenza -Measles -Rabies -Ebola -Lassa -Nipah -Hendra
33
Group 6: (+)ssRNA w/ DNA intermediate (retroviruses)
-BRING THEIR OWN RNA DEPENDENT DNA POL (REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE) -RNA genome is unstable but integrated DNA is stable -DNA must integrate into host--.stays forever
34
What viruses are in Group 6
-HIV1 -T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)
35
Group 7 dsDNA w/ RNA intermediate
-BRING THEIR OWN RNA DEPENDENT DNA POL (REVERSE TRNASCRIPTASE) -package in DNA form -RNA genome is unstable, packaged DNA is stable
36
What viruses are in Group 7
Hepatitis B
37
How do we define a species
-high genome/nucleic acid similarity between diff viruses - viruses have same host range and infect same tissues -2 diff viruses can come into contact w/ each other/recombine
38
What defines a genus
-share similar genome and structure -can have different hosts and what tissues they infect -likely not coming in contact with/recombining
39
What defines a family
-evolutionary related but different -overall same genome organization and structure -have very different hosts and gene content -very different genomes
40
How might we know if 2 viruses are in the same species?
If immune system thinks different viruses are the same -same immune response
41
What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: Smallpox
Species: Variola virus Genus: Orthopoxvirus Family: Poxviridae
42
What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: Roseola
Species: Human betaherpesvirus 6A Genus: Roseolovirus Family: Herpesviridae
43
What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: COVID-19
Species: SARS-COV-2 Genus: Betacoronavirus Family: Coronaviridae
44
What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: AIDS/HIV
Species: HIV-1 Genus: Lentivirus Family: Retroviridae
45
What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: Rabies
Species: Rabies virus Genus: Lyssavirus Family: Rhabdoviridae

Virology (19 decks)

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