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Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the traditional levels of health care?

A
  • Preventative
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Restorative
  • Continuing health care
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2
Q

what does preventative care focus on?

A

reducing and controlling the risk factors of disease

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3
Q

what does primary care focus on?

A

improved health outcomes for an entire population

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4
Q

primary health care requires collaboration among who?

A

health professionals, health care leaders, and community members

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5
Q

what are healthcare programs designed to do?

A

reduce the incidence of disease

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6
Q

what are some issues in health care delivery for nurses?

A
  • health care costs
  • quality patient satisfaction
  • nursing shortage
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7
Q

what are four challenges facing nursing?

A
  • aging baby boomer generation
  • shortage and uneven distribution of physicians
  • rate of nurse retirement
  • uncertainty of health care reform
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8
Q

which settings provide restorative care?

A
  • home care
  • rehabilitation clinics
  • extended care facilities
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9
Q

which settings provide continuing care?

A
  • nursing centers or facilities
  • assisted living
  • adult day care
  • palliative and hospice care
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10
Q

what are the therapeutic benefits of listening to patients?

A
  • creates trust
  • opens lines of communication
  • creates mutual relationship
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11
Q

what are the benefits of evidence-based care?

A
  • improves quality, safety, and patient outcomes
  • increases nurse satisfaction
  • reduces cost
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12
Q

what are sources of evidence for evidence based practice (EBP)?

A
  • textbooks, articles from nursing, and health care literature
  • quality improvement and risk management data
  • retrospective or concurrent chart reviews
  • clinicians’ experience
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13
Q

EBP, research, and quality improvement are closely related, but they are separate processes: Describe the EBP process

A

Use of information from research and other sources to determine safe and effective nursing care with the goal of improving patient care and outcomes

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14
Q

EBP, research, and quality improvement are closely related, but they are separate processes: Describe the research process

A

systematic inquiry answers questions, solves problems, and contributes to generalized knowledge base of nursing; may or may not improve patient care

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15
Q

EBP, research, and quality improvement are closely related, but they are separate processes: describe the QI process

A

improves local work processes to improve patient outcomes and health system efficiency; results usually not generalizable

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16
Q

how do you, as a nurse, cultivate a spirit of inquiry?

A
  • question what does not make sense and what needs to be clarified
  • gain evidence-based practice knowledge
  • be committed to providing the best care possible
  • use problem and knowledge-focused triggers
  • consider data gathered from a health care setting to examine clinical trends
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17
Q

how do you, as a nurse, evaluate the evidence-based practice decision or change?

A
  • after applying evidence, evaluate the outcome
  • never implement a practice change without evaluating it effects
    unexpected events or results may occur
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18
Q

when evaluating EBP change, what should you determine?

A
  • was the change effective?
  • are modifications needed?
  • should the change be discontinued?
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19
Q

What are the components of the nursing research process?

A
  • Assessment - identify area of interest or clinical problem
  • Diagnosis - develop research question(s)/hypothesis
  • Planning - determine how the study will be conducted
  • Implementation - conduct the study
  • Evaluation - analyze the results of the study and use the findings
20
Q

what are the traditional nursing care delivery method models?

A
  • team nursing
  • primary nursing
21
Q

what are todays nursing care delivery method models?

A
  • patient-centered care
  • total patient care
  • case management
22
Q

What are the leadership skills nursing students need?

A
  • clinical coordination
  • good clinical judgement
  • strong priority setting
  • organization skills
  • appropriate use of resources
  • good time management
  • continual evaluation
  • effective team communication
  • appropriate delegation
23
Q

what are the five rights of delegation?

A
  • right task
  • right circumstance
  • right person
  • right direction
  • right supervision
24
Q

what are steps to effective delegation?

A
  • assess the knowledge and skills of the delegatees
  • match the tasks to the delegatees skills
  • communicate clearly : task, outcome, time
  • listen attentively
  • provide feedback
25
what is caring?
a universal phenomenon that influences the way we think, feel, and behave
26
since when have nurses studied caring?
since florence nightingale
27
what is at the heart of a nurses ability to work with all patients in a respectful and therapeutic way?
caring
28
**theoretical views on caring** describe caring is primary
* caring determines what matters to a person * caring helps you provide patient-centered care
29
** theoretical views on caring** describe Leininger's Transcultural Caring
* caring is an essential human need * caring helps an individual or group improve a human condition * caring helps protect, develop, nurture, and sustain people
30
** theoretical views on caring** describe Watson's Transpersonal Caring
* promotes healing and wholeness * rejects the disease orientation to health care * places care before cure * emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship
31
** theoretical views on caring** describe Swanson's Theory of Caring
* defines caring as a nurturing way of relating to an individual * states that caring is a central nursing phenomenon but is not necessarily unique to nursing practice
32
what are Watson's 10 Carative Factors?
1. Forming a human-altruistic value system 2. instilling faith/hope 3. cultivating a sensitivity to oneself and to others 4. Developing a helping, trusting, human caring relationship 5. Promoting and expressing positive and negative feelings (support and accept your patients feelings) 6. using creative problem-solving, caring processes 7. Promoting transpersonal teaching/ learning/ learn together while educating the patient to acquire self-care skills 8. providing for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual 9. meeting human needs 10. allowing for existential-phenomenonological-spiritual forces
33
what is the patient perspective of caring?
patients value the affective dimension of nursing care
34
what is the effective dimension of nursing care?
* connecting with patients and their families * being present * respecting values, beliefs, and health care choices
35
what is an ethic of care?
* in any patient encounter, a nurse needs to know what behavior is ethically appropriate * an ethic of care is unique, so professional nurses do not make professional decisions based solely on intellectual or analytical principles * an ethic of care places caring at the center of decision making
36
what does providing presence to a patient mean?
* being with * eye contact * body language * tone of voice * listening * positive and encouraging attitude
37
what does the caring behavior of touch accomplish?
* provides comfort * creates a connection
38
what does the caring behavior of listening accomplish?
* creates trust * opens lines of communication * creates a mutual relationship
39
what kinds of touch relate to nursing?
* non-contact touch * contact touch
40
what kinds of contact touch are there?
* task oriented touch * caring touch * protective touch
41
describe the caring behavior "knowing the patient"
* develops over time * the core process of clinical decision making
42
**knowing the patient** aspects of knowing include:
* responses to therapy, routines, and habits * coping resources * physical capacities and endurance
43
what are the challenges of caring?
* task oriented biomedical model * institutional demands * time constraints * reliance on technology, cost-effective strategies, and standardized work processes
44
if health care is to make a positive difference in patients' lives, what must happen?
health care must become more holistic and humanistic
45

CSM Nursing (9 decks)

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