Lecture 2:

Question 1

Which type of fibre, that is mostly found in fruits and vegetables, can be digested by intestinal bacteria?

Answer 1

Soluble fibre

Question 2

Approximatley how much energy expenditure is contributed by the thermic effect of food?

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

Sucrose, maltose and lactose are all types of what carbohydrate?

Answer 3

• Disaccharide

Question 4

What is the acceptible macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for carbohydrate?

Answer 4

• 45-65%

Question 5

What type of carbohydrate should be consumed as less that 10% of a healthy adults overall energy intake?

Answer 5

• Added sugar

Question 6

Insoluble fibres are non-viscous and what food sources?

Answer 6

Grians and vegetables

Question 7

Severe protein-energy malnutrition is classified as what?

Answer 7

• Marasmus

Question 8

Which nutrient reference value (NRV) is used to estimate the prevelance of inadequate intake wihtin a group?

Answer 8

• EAR (estimated average requirement)

Question 9

One kcal equals how many kjouls?

Answer 9

• 4.18 or 4.2 kJ

Question 10

Mostly manufactured by bacterial synthesis in the GI tract and given as an injection to newborns is what vitamin?

Answer 10

• Vitamin K

Question 11

Melons, berries, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, fortified juices, kiwi, mangos, yellow peppers and citrus fruits are all good food sources of what vitamin?

Answer 11

Vitamin C

Question 12

Name a type of fat that provides a protective effect to chronic disease such as obesity or heart disease?

Answer 12

• Omega 3 fatty acids

Question 13

What vitamin defficiency can exessice alcohol intake cause?

Answer 13

• Thiamine (B1) deficiency

Question 14

What nutrient is required in small amounts)?

Answer 14

• Vitamins

Question 15

How many Kj is contained in 1g of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

• 17kJ

Question 16

An antioxidant and found in sources such as vegetable oils, whole grain cereals, green leafy vegetables, nuts seeds, peanut butter and wheat germ, liver and egg yolk is what vitamin?

Answer 16

• Vitamin E

Question 17

Fat is a vehicle for intake and adsorption for what catagory of vitamins?

Answer 17

• Fat soluble vitamins

Question 18

Golden rice is a public initiative what has been developed to help overcome deficienceis in what vitamin?

Answer 18

• Vitamin A

Question 19

The rate and extent that a nutrient is absorbed and used is called the?

Answer 19

• Bioavailability

Question 20

Who am I? I am a vitamin that may boost the immune system, I am a fat soluble, and it can be sourced from a few foods however I am also synthesised in the body?

Answer 20

• Vitamin D

Question 21

A deficienct in this vitamin might cause night blindness or lowered immune system?

Answer 21

• Vitamin A (retinol)

Question 22

Whith a role in oxygen transport, a deficiency in this mineral is a signficant public helath issue. A p public health intervention implemented in Cambodia to help with issue and is called the lucky ‘what’ fish deficiency?

Answer 22

• Lucky Iron Fish
  Helped with iron deficiency

Question 23

Only foods from what source contain Heme iron?

Answer 23

Animals

Question 24

Sodium main dietary sources?

Answer 24

• Processes meats, cheese

Question 25

Sodium principle functions?

Answer 25

- pH balance, fluid balance within cells, nerve transmission, muscle function

Question 26

Sodium deficiency symptoms?

Answer 26

- Low appetite, nausea and fatigue

Question 27

Potassium main dietary sources?

Answer 27

- Fruit and vegetables

Question 28

Potassium functions?

Answer 28

- pH balance - Fluid balance - Nerve transmission - Muscle function

Question 29

Potassium deficiency symptoms?

Answer 29

- Muscle weakness, cardiac arrest

Question 30

Calcium main dietary sources?

Answer 30

- Dairy products

Question 31

Calcium functions?

Answer 31

- Bones and teeth - Muscle contraction - Blood clotting - Nerve transmission

Question 32

Calcium deficiency symptoms?

Answer 32

- Seizures, stunted growth, osteoporosis

Question 33

Phosphorus main dietary sources?

Answer 33

- Meat and fish - Wholegrains - Dairy produce

Question 34

Phosphorus functions?

Answer 34

- Bones and teeth - pH balance

Question 35

Phosphorus deficiency symptoms?

Answer 35

- Bone demineralization

Question 36

Iron main dietary sources?

Answer 36

- Meat - Cereals - Dried fruits - Green vegetables

Question 37

Iron functions

Answer 37

- Haemoglobin synthesis

Question 38

Iron deficiency symptoms?

Answer 38

- Anaemia, fatigue, breathlessness

Question 39

Iodine main dietary sources?

Answer 39

- - iodised salt - sea food - produce from iodine rich soil - fortified products

Question 40

Iodine function?

Answer 40

- component of thyroid (metabolism regulation) - regulates body temp, growth, development, metabolic rate, nerve and muscle function, reproduction and blood cell production

Question 41

Iodide deficiency symptoms?

Answer 41

- impaired intellectual development - Goitre - Cretinism

Question 42

Magnisium deficiency symptoms?

Answer 42

- Neuromuscular disorders

Question 42

Magnesium food sources?

Answer 42

- Whole grains - Nuts - Green vegetables

Question 43

Magnisium functions?

Answer 43

- Bone structure - DNA and protein synthesis

Question 44

Zinc food sources?

Answer 44

- Meat - Eggs - Pulses - Wholegrains

Question 45

Zinc functions?

Answer 45

- metabolises carbohydrates - synthesises proteins - metabolises alcohol - disposes of damaging free radicals

Question 46

Flouride functions?

Answer 46

- Maintenance of tooth enamel

Question 47

Zinc deficiency symptoms?

Answer 47

- impaired immune function - growth retardation - delayed sexual maturation - hair loss - altered taste and appetite

Question 48

Fluoride food sources?

Answer 48

- oysters - meat - fish - milk - legumes

Question 49

Flouride deficiency symptoms?

Answer 49

- Tooth decay

Question 50

Villi?

Answer 50

- Fingerlike extensions of the small intestine. They contain blood vessels and help absorb nutrients

Question 51

Microflora?

Answer 51

- Bacteria and other organisms that live inside the intestines that help digest food

Question 52

Macronutrients are consumed in what three quantities?

Answer 52

- Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Question 53

Macronutrients are the basic building blocks of ___?

Answer 53

- Molecules that maintain life-critical functions

Question 54

What are the essential nutrients?

Answer 54

- Compounds that the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts and must be obtained through diet

Question 55

What are the four ecological influences (levels) on the individuals diet?

Answer 55

- Individual - Social - Physical - Macro-level (accessibility)

Question 56

Inadequate quality and quantity of diet leads to what main health issues?

Answer 56

- Malnutrition, low fibre, bone health, high or low body weight….

Question 57

1 calorie = ___kJ

Answer 57

- 4.18

Question 58

Soluble fibres structure + food?

Answer 58

- Viscous and can be digested by intestinal bacteria found in fruits and vegetables

Question 59

Insoluble fibres?

Answer 59

- Non-viscous (flows easily) and not digested by intestinal bacteria. Found in grains and vegetables

Question 60

Lipids (fats) features?

Answer 60

- Composed of C,H,O - Carbohydrate easily converted to fat in body storage in various adipose tissues - Same basic structure

Question 61

Short term benefits of breast feeding for infant?

Answer 61

- Optimal source of nutrition for growth and development - Protection against gastro, diarrhoea, respiratory tract infections, and sudden infant death syndrome

Question 62

Short term benefits of breastfeeding for mother?

Answer 62

- Increased bonding with infant, helps return to pre-pregnancy weight, cost and time saving

Question 63

Long term benefits of breastfeeding for infant?

Answer 63

- Improved cognitive performance - Reduced risk of diabetes, coeliac disease, allergy and asthma - Reduction of obesity and CVD

Question 64

Long term benefits of breastfeeding for mother?

Answer 64

- Contraceptive effect - Reduce risk of breast + ovarian cancer + postnatal depression