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NUTR2003 > Lecture 3: Preconception and Pregnancy > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Preconception and Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Lifestyle factors affecting pregnancy?

A

Diet
Exercise/sedentary behaviour
Smoking
Alsohol consumption
Drug use

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2
Q

_____ _____ levels (low and excessive) are linked to ______ in both women and men.

A
  • Body fat levels (low and excessive) are linked to fertility in both women and men
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3
Q

What percentage of adults are infertile?

A
  • 17.5% 1 in 6
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4
Q

What percentage of adults are overweight?

A

36%

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5
Q

What percentage of adults are obese?

A

31%

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6
Q

What percentage of adults are severely obese?

A

12%

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7
Q

_________ includes being underweight for one’s age, too short for one’s age (________), dangerously thin (_______), and deficient in _______ and ________ (micronutrient malnutrition).

A

Undernutrition includes being underweight for one’s age, too short for one’s age (stunted), dangerously thin (wasted), and deficient in vitamins and minerals (micronutrient malnutrition).

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8
Q

Malnutrition refers to?

A

Refers to both undernutrition and over nutrition

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9
Q

What has the greatest effect on fertility?

A

Acute undernutrition

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10
Q

Association with lower sperm count?

A
  • Undernutrition or being overweight
  • Abdominal obesity
  • Alcohol consumption (heavy/binge drinking)
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11
Q

In males what are some ways of improving fertility?

A
  • Adequate Zinc intake
  • Antioxidants
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12
Q

In females name some potential negative impacts on fertility?

A
  • Unsaturated fats
  • Refined carbohydrates
  • Added sugars
  • No clear link between caffeine and fertility in humans
  • Alcohol lowers chance of conception
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13
Q

Association with increased female fertility

A
  • Diet containing more vegetable protein
  • Low glycemic load
  • Antioxidants (reduction of oxidative stress and free radicals)
  • Mediterranean dietary patterns
    o Dietary fibre, omega-3 fatty acids
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14
Q

The right ____ and ____ duirng the 1000 day window influences not only whether the child will ____ but also their ability to ____, learn and rise out of poverty.

A

The right nutrition and care during the 1000 day window influences not only whether the child will survive but also their ability to grow, learn and rise out of poverty.

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15
Q

Effects of intrauterine environmental exposure to risk factors.

A

Affects the foetus’ development during sensitive periods and increases risk of specific diseases in adult life.

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16
Q

What is the developmental plasticity?

A
  • Periods where an organism is “plastic” or “sensitive” to its environment
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17
Q

Energy requirements for the first trimester?

A

No additional requirement

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18
Q

Energy requirements in the second trimester?

A

Additional 1/4MJ/day

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19
Q

Energy requirements in the third trimester?

A

Additional 1.9MJ/day

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20
Q

Carbohydrate requirements in pregnancy

A

In line with non-pregnant requirements

21
Q

Protein requirements in pregnancy

A

14grams/day on top of RDI

22
Q

Fat requirements in pregnancy

A

Higher requirement for long-chain polyunsaturated fattty acids

23
Q

Impacts of iron deficiency in pregnancy

A

Reduced physical performance
Increased fatigue
Reduced cognative performance increased risk of infection and hospitalisation
pre-exlampsia and bleeding
Inhibited lactation

24
Q

Impacts of iron deficiency on foetus?

A

Spontaneous abortion
Premature delivery
Intrauterine fowtal death
Low birht weight
hypertension
neurologic impairment

25
Effects of folate deficiency in pregnancy
Birth defects (spina bifida)
26
Public health iitiative to increase folate in pregnancy
Mandatory fortification of all break making flour Daily folic acid supplementation fefore and after conception
27
Do pregnant women deed additional calcium?
Maternal adaptive mechanics allow enhanced efficiency of absorption
28
Need for iodine in pregnancy?
Iodidine is stored in the thyroid which is overactive in pregnancy
29
Iodine recommendation when pregnant
220 micrograms per day
30
What is listeria?
types of bacteria found in soft cheese, sand0which meats, prepared salad, chilled seafood and pate
31
What does listeria cause in pregnancy
Miscarriage Stillbirth infection of newbornS
32
Salmonella in pregnancy
Pregnant women at high risk of severe illness May cause miscarriage
33
What are some possible sources of salmonella?
Mayonaise Aioli Scrambled eggs Custard Eggnog Deep fried icecream
34
What is the caffeine recommendation in pregnacny
Less than 200mg per day
35
What is the optimal birthweight?
3.01-3.6kg
36
What is classified as a low birth weight?
<2.5kG
37
What is considered large for gestational age?
>4,5kg
38
What are four common micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy?
Iron Vitamin A Iodine Zinc
39
What are some example causes of micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy?
Poverty Food security Heady burden of infectious diseases Poor hygiene and sanitation
40
Concerns of adolescent pregnancy
Time of rapid growth (higher energy requirement) Risk of exlampsia peurperal endometriosis and systemic infections Babies can have low birth weight and preterm delivery
41
Consequences of overweight pregnancy
Increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertention
42
Considerations of vegan and vegetarianism in pregnancy
Inclusion of: milk, yogurt, cheese and eggs
43
Issues with gestational diabetes mellitus
Poos control can lead to: - Baby with high birth weight - birthing complications
44
Foetal alcohol disorder can lead to?
Low birth weight Intellectual disability Behavioral problems Distinct facial features Heart defects
45
Supplementation for vegan/vege pregnant women
Vitamin B12
46
Smoking effects on pregnancy
Increased risk of low birth rate
47
Caffeine effects on pregnancy
Decreases iron absorption Increases risk of miscarriage Low birth weight
48

NUTR2003 (15 decks)

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