LECTURE 2

Question 1

The branch of biology dealing with the relations interactions between organisms and their environment
(physical and biological), including other organisms.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

in ecology, Biological Environment refers to what factors?

Answer 2

Biotic factors

Question 3

in ecology, Physical Environment refers to what factors?

Answer 3

Abiotic factors

Question 4

Ecology comes from what greek words?

Answer 4

Oikos - house / environment
Logos - study of

study of environment

Question 5

organisms of a species maintain uniformity through?

Answer 5

having a common gene pool

Question 6

non genetic variations of organisms that allows them to adapt to their environment. changes in somatic characteristics are induced by the environment.

Answer 6

ecads

Question 7

genetic variations of organisms that occur overtime (evolution) to increase their survivability.

Answer 7

ecotypes

Question 8

each population occupies a _______ of the habitat

Answer 8

specific volume

Question 9

refers to the role and position an organism has in its environment, including all the interactions it has with biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors

Answer 9

ecological niche

Question 10

ecological niche can be? _____, ______, and ______.

Answer 10

positive, negative and neutral

Question 11

Three classifications of ecology

Answer 11

1. Based on study area
2. Based on environment or habitat
3. Based on advancement in the field of ecology

Question 12

It deals with the study of an individual species of organisms and its population. It is also called the Species ecology. what classification?

Answer 12

Autecology, based on study area

Question 13

It deals with the study of group of organisms or species which are associated together as a unit. what classification?

Answer 13

Synecology, based on study area

Question 14

A branch of ecology where we study the interaction of organisms in the water. what classification?

Answer 14

Aquatic ecology, based on environment or habitat

Question 15

Types of aquatic ecology?

Answer 15

Marine water and Freshwater ecology

Question 16

A branch of ecology where we study the interaction of organisms on land. what classification?

Answer 16

Terrestrial ecology, based on environment or habitat

Question 17

Types of freshwater ecology?

Answer 17

Lotic (running water) and lentic (standing water)

Question 18

Types of terrestrial ecology?

Answer 18

Grassland, Forest, Desert Ecology

Question 19

Types of ecology based on advancement in the field of ecology?

Answer 19

a) Productive ecology
b) Population ecology
c) Community ecology
d) Ecosystem ecology
e) Microbial ecology
f) Radiation ecology
g) Pollution ecology
h) Space ecology

Proud Pop C EM RaP Spasm

Question 20

the system resulting from the interaction of all the living and nonliving factors of the Environment

Answer 20

Ecosystem

Question 21

Types of Ecosystems

Answer 21

Natural and Artificial Ecosystems

Question 22

Types of Natural ecosystems?

Answer 22

Terrestrial and Aquatic

Question 23

types of aquatic ecosystems

Answer 23

Marine water (ocean, seas, estuary)

and

Freshwater. Lentic and Lotic.

Question 24

types of terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 24

grassland, forest, desert

Question 25

Ecosystems that are maintained artificially by man where by addition of energy and planned manipulation, natural balance is disturbed regularly

Answer 25

Artificial or Man Engineered or Man made Ecosystems

Question 26

Main factors in an Ecosystem?

Answer 26

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Question 27

abiotic factors in an ecosystem

Answer 27

climatic and edaphic factors

Question 28

what are climatic factors?

Answer 28

rain, light, wind, temperature

Question 29

what are edaphic factors

Answer 29

soil, ph, minerals, topography

Question 30

biotic factors in an ecosystem

Answer 30

producers, consumers, decomposers

Question 31

other term for producer, consumer and decomposers?

Answer 31

autotrophs, heterotrophs, saprotrophs

Question 32

how many levels of consumers are there? what are they?

Answer 32

4 levels primary secondary tertiary quaternary

Question 33

quaternary consumers are ______ because they have no natural predators

Answer 33

apex predators

Question 34

these consumers are herbivores

Answer 34

primary consumers

Question 35

they eat herbivores

Answer 35

secondary consumers

Question 36

what are the levels of organization in the ecosystem?

Answer 36

individual population community ecosystem

Question 37

Group of living things of the same kind that share the same habitat

Answer 37

population

Question 38

It is made of all populations that live in an area

Answer 38

community

Question 39

It is formed by many communities

Answer 39

ecosystem

Question 40

The fundamental idea behind the study of ecology is that _______________. They interact with one another and the physical environment.

Answer 40

all organisms are interdependent

Question 41

Basic requirements for survival includes?

Answer 41

food water shelter

Question 42

An important aspect of the struggle for survival involves ______________.

Answer 42

competition for limited resources such as – Food– Water – Shelter– Sunlight

Question 43

factors that affect the population size of a species in a specific environment.

Answer 43

Limiting factors

Question 44

Predators are _________. They control population size by feeding on prey.

Answer 44

Biotic limiting factor

Question 45

When all the limiting factors are considered together we can determine the maximum number of organisms that can survive in an area. This is called?

Answer 45

Carrying Capacity

Question 46

___________ is the main energy source for life on earth

Answer 46

sunlight

Question 47

they use light or chemical energy to make food

Answer 47

producers plant - light energy bacteria - chemical energy both are autotrophs

Question 48

use light energy carbon dioxide and water into oxygen to convert and carbohydrates

Answer 48

photosynthesis

Question 49

_CO2 + _H2O = _O2 + _C6H12O6

Answer 49

6-6-6-1

Question 50

performed by bacteria chemical energy, use to produce carbohydrates

Answer 50

chemosynthesis

Question 51

series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Answer 51

food chain

Question 52

network of food chains within an ecosystem

Answer 52

food web

Question 53

Diagram that shows the relative amount of energy contained within each trophic level or organisms of a food chain or web Broader term that can represent energy, biomass, or number of organisms in different trophic levels.

Answer 53

Ecological pyramids

Question 54

shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level

Answer 54

Energy pyramid

Question 55

only ________ of the available energy within a trophic level is transferred to the next higher trophic level. this is called? the reason for this is?

Answer 55

10% rule of 10 the energy gained by organisms are utilized for life processes and some are released as heat during these processes

Question 56

represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level

Answer 56

biomass pyramid

Question 57

involves both the place organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat .

Answer 57

ecological niche