lecture 2 Flashcards

Question

Enteral route: oral

Answer 1

Most common, easiest, and most economical Contraindicated if patient is vomiting, has gastric or intestinal suction, is unconscious, or is unable to swallow. (Don’t try to get somebody unconscious, already vomiting, etc… to take a pill (it won’t be swallowed at all, or it will quickly come back up)) Liquid medications are best for children. Contraindication is a condition or factor that increases the risks involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure, or engaging in a particular activity.

Answer 2

Nasogastric (NG) tube: inserted through nasopharynx and into stomach

Answer 3

Gastrostomy tube: surgically placed directly into stomach

Answer 4

Sublingual: placed under tongue for dissolving Used when RAPID ACTION is desired Examples include nitroglycerin (for angina pectoris) and ergotamine tartrate (for migraines) **lots of med are more concentrated than you need because parts of it are eliminated throughout the body, but sublingual route cancels that out because you aren’t swallowing it

Answer 5

Buccal: Placed between gum and cheek for dissolving Forms include tablets, capsules, lozenges, and troches Should not be swallowed Often used over sublingual route for SUSTAINED-RELEASE delivery

Answer 6

Provide rapid response; also called PARENTERAL Administered by following methods: 1.Intra-articular (joint) 2.Intradermal 3.Intramuscular (IM) 4.Epidural (back) 5.Subcutaneous 6.Intravenous (IV)

Answer 7

More quickly absorbed than oral route Irretrievable once injected (unlike pills, where you can induce vomiting) Require invasive procedure Aseptic (sterile) technique must be used to avoid infection.

Answer 8

made of clear glass; usually contain single dose of drug; usually have pre-scored neck that is cut open; medication is then aspirated into syringe using filter needle Not very common anymore… glass can get in there when taking off the top, which could be injected

Answer 9

small glass bottles sealed with rubber cap; pierced with needle to withdraw medication Rubber falling into solution causes a recall

Answer 10

Needle enters at 15° angle Usually given in inner forearm or upper back just below epidermis into dermis Commonly used for tuberculin or allergy tests, or to administer local anesthetics Injection produces small wheal on skin’s outer surface

Answer 11

45º angle usually used, based on patient’s body weight Usually given into upper arms, back, or abdomen Commonly used for heparin and insulin Small volumes of medication (0.5 to 1 mL) are given subcutaneous.

Answer 12

90º angle is usually used; Usually given into upper arm, thigh, or hip muscles Commonly used for drugs that irritate subcutaneous tissue 1 to 3 mL of medication can be given IM.

Answer 13

IV needles are inserted into veins at a SHORT ANGLE (ex. 10-30deg?) to the skin. Injected directly into veins, usually in arms May be administered: -Slowly -Rapidly (IV push) (quick drip) -Piggyback infusion- adding a second drug to the same line, ie. antibiotics -Into existing IV line (IV port) -Into intermittent access device (heparin lock), or added to IV solution

Answer 14

Autoinjectors are self-injectable devices; Deliver drugs through subcutaneous or intramuscular route. They enclose prefilled syringes or cartridges which are driven by a spring system. *You’re injecting a lot of med into one spot and it should spread systemically but they can be irritating *You should have 2 epipens cause sometimes the first one doesn’t work

Answer 15

Frequently delivered by oral inhalers or nebulizers for rapid absorption into BLOOD circulation Most commonly used for conditions in the lungs. *the lung’s job is to absorb things systemically (heart rate speeds up) *use these for colds and flus as well as for asthma (they can treat things from viral infections to asthma attacks)

Answer 16

eye drops and ointments route: -Medications are administered to the eyes using instillations (drop?) or irrigations (flush?) with liquids or ointments. -Sterile technique is required. -Prescribed liquids are usually diluted to less than 1% strength. -Eye irrigations are used to wash out conjuctival sac

Answer 17

ear medications route: -Localized infection or inflammation of the ears is treated by dropping a small amount of sterilized medication into the ear. -Patient should remain lying on one side for 5 minutes to allow coating of inner ear canal with medication.

Answer 18

nose drops or sprays route: -Nasal decongestants are most common nasal instillations. -Many of these medications are OTC drugs. -Administered with dropper or via sprays; usually while patient is supine with head tilted back -Intranasal medications include antiepileptics, opiate analgesics and opiate antagonists, sedatives, topical anesthetics, glucagon for hypoglycemia, and agents for epistaxis control. -Some vaccines can be administered intranasally (reduces trauma for children)

Answer 19

solutions, creams, tablets, suppositories (rare for systemic, usually for vaginal specific issues) route: -Vaginal medications, or instillations, include creams, jellies, foams, or suppositories -Suppositories are inserted with the finger of a gloved hand; they melt at body temperature. -Vaginal creams may be instilled by using an applicator. *this is also how they do in vitro fertilization

Answer 20

suppositories or enemas (liquid to help poop) (sometimes used when people are vomiting) route: -Rectal medications are usually suppositories. -This route is useful for patients who are nauseated, vomiting, or unconscious. -Other rectal medications are available as solutions that are administered in the form of enemas (liquid into rectum to help poop) **need to push it past the sphincter, far enough up, so it doesn’t come back out *good for kids who are vomiting or have trouble taking other forms of medication

Answer 21

Inhalation therapy may involve the administration of medicines, water vapor, and gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium Local effects are achieved within the respiratory tract through aerosols, nebulizers, or metered-dose inhalers. *most things through the lungs get absorbed!!

Answer 22

Commonly administered by NEBULIZER -Delivers fine fog or mist using atomization or aerosolization ATOMIZATION: larger droplets are inhaled AEROSOLIZATION: droplets are suspended in gas such as oxygen (the smaller the droplets, the further they can be inhaled into the respiratory system)

lecture 2 Flashcards

(46 cards)