Lecture 2

Question 1

Hybridisation

Answer 1

Types of orbitals - sp^3 (four bonds, single), sp^2 (three bonds, 2 single + 1 double), sp (two bonds, 2 double bonds or 1 triple and 1 double)

Question 2

Hybridisation pt.2

Answer 2

Bonding in H2O.
O: 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^4
The oxygen atom in water also uses hybrid orbitals to form two covalent bonds
6 valence electrons of O are distributed so that two sp^3 hybrids are filled (lone-part electrons) and the remaining two have in electron each, that overlaps with a 1s atomic orbital of hydrogen

Question 3

Theoretical yields

Answer 3

1. Balance the chemical equation
2. Find the limiting reagent
3. Find the theoretical yield
4. Find the actual yield
5. Find the percentage yield

Percentage yield = (mass of actual/mass of theoretical) x 100%