Lecture 4

Question 1

Alkyl groups

Answer 1

Propyl group is a chain of three carbon atoms that is attached to the parent chain by the first carbon of the small chain.
If the propyl group isn’t attached by the end chain, but the middle chain then it is called isopropyl or 1-methyl ethyl.
It is still a substituent with three carbon atoms, but it is attached to the parent chain different than a propyl group is attached. This is an example of a branched substituent.

Question 2

Haloalkanes - halogen substituent group

Answer 2

Haloalkanes can be named just like alkanes, with the halogen atom. Halogen groups (named by changing the -ine ending for -o)
-F (fluoro-)
-Cl (chloro-)
-Br (bromo-
-I (iodo-)

Similar to alkyl substituents, the halogens are placed at the beginning of the name, and are ordered alphabetically.

Question 3

Haloalkanes = alkyl halides

Answer 3

Haloalkanes are similar to alkanes but with one or more of the hydrogen replaced by halogen.
E.g. trichloromethane (a.k.a chloroform)