Lecture 2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Frontal Lobe : posterior
Motor cortex: responsible for planning and controlling voluntary mvmnts on contralateral side
Frontal Lobe: Dominant frontal lobe
usually left; Broca’s area
Frontal lobe: anterior
planning, concentration, brining ideas and memories together to carry out goal directed behaviors
also influences personality, insight, initiative, morality, impulse control and appropriate emotional display
anterior parietal lobe
perception of somatosensory info from contralateral side of head, neck and extremities
temporoparietal association area
integrates sensory inputs with memory and emotion (allows us to recognize patterns in our sensory experiences)
-plays role in spatial orientation
Post-Inf parietal lobe and sup. temporal lobe
Wernicke’s area
Occipital lobe: 2 main areas
perception of visual info
1) primary visual cortex: post pole (makes us aware of stimuli)
2) visual association area (visual stimuli are analyzed)
Temporal lobe: sup regions
primary auditory complex and auditory association areas
Temporal lobe: inf parts
assist occipital lobe in higher order processing of vision
Temporal lobe: medial parts
contains hippocampus and amygdala: memory and learning
Limbic lobe
not distinct anatomic location; important for emotional responses and active behaviors
Cerebellum
provides motor programs for controlling timing and sequencing of voluntary muscle contractions
-controls muscle tone, balance and equilibrium
Basal Ganglia
provides motor programs for complex, learned activity
-moduclates activity of cortical motor neurons so muscle tone is appropriate for any planned mvmnts
Brainstem
- contains pathways conducting sensory and motor input btwn cerebrum and spinal cord and btwn cerebrum and cerebellum
- contains groups of neurons (reticular formation) control major autonomic fxns: cardioresp reflexes, consciousness, balance and equilibrium
- also contains CN III-XII
Upper Motor Neurons
neurons within the cortical spinal tract that are found above the level of synapse (above the anterior horn in the spinal cord)
Upper motor neuron lesions: results and where they occur
produce: weakness and sensory loss, spasticity, no atrophy, no fasciculations, brisk reflexes and positive babinski
- cerebrum, subcortical area (white and grey matter), brainstem, spinal cord
Lower Motor Neurons
neurons within the cortical spinal tract that are found below the level of synapse (below the anterior horn in the spinal cord)
Lower Motor Neuron lesions: results and where they occur
produce: weakness and sensory loss, atrophy, fasciculations, decrease in reflexes, negative babinski
- occur in anterior horn cells, roots, plexus, nerves, neuromuscular jxn, muscle
Corticospinal tract: location, where it crosses over and where it synapses
Originate in the motor cortex (frontal lobe) and travel down to brainstem and medulla
- crosses over in medulla
- continues down to spinal cord where it synapses with the anterior horn cells
Corticalspinal tract fxns:
- mediate voluntary mvmnts
- integrate skilled, fine, complicated mvmnts
- *L side in brain controls R side of body
Spinothalamic Tract: location, where it crosses over
- originates in the spinal cord : in the grey matter is where it synapses
- crosses over in the spinal cord
Spinothalamic tract fxns:
Crude touch, temp, and pain ; transmits these to the thalamus
Posterior column
- Sensory pathway: goes thru the posterior root into posterior column and travels back up spinal cord
- crosses over in the medulla
- fxn = fine touch, proprioception and vibration
Laterlization: Brain
Both motor and sensory are contralateral
