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exercise prescription > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Justify financial support for PA promotion/ExRx

A

Link w decreased fitness/ex w increased disease/mortality, ageing population, reduce burden on medical system

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2
Q

Why prescribe ex?

A

Athletic performance, prevention & treatment of chronic disease, well-being, social interaction, enjoyment

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3
Q

Why prescribe ex – evidence

A

Epidemiological studies link decrease PA and/or fitness with increase rates of all-cause mortality.
PA is a modifiable risk factor of chronic disease e.g. obesity, diabetes, CVD, cancer

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4
Q

Physical activity:

A

Any bodily mvmt produced by contraction of skeletal muscle that substantially increases energy expenditure

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5
Q

Difference between PA and ex =

A

intensity

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6
Q

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA):

A

Activities completed during free time, based on personal interests and needs. Includes formal ex programs, hiking, gardening, and sport. Result in marked energy expenditure and may vary in duration.

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7
Q

Dose-response:

A

R/ship b/w increasing PA levels on changes in a defined health parameter

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8
Q

Exercise:

A

Subcategory of LTPA in which planned, structure, repetitive bodily mvmts are performed to improve/maintain 1 or more components of physical fitness
Aerobic, anaerobic, resistance ex

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9
Q

Physical fitness:

A

Multidimensional concept. Set of attributes that relate to the ability to perform PA.

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10
Q

Physical fitness components =

A

Skill, health, physiological

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11
Q

Skill-related physical fitness components =

A

Associated mostly with sport and motor skills performance

Agility, balance, coordination, speed, power, reaction time

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12
Q

Health-related physical fitness components =

A

Associated w/ ability to perform daily activities w/ vigor; & w/ a low risk of premature dev of hypokinetic diseases
Cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength & endurance, flexibility, body comp, anaerobic power & capacity.

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13
Q

Physiological physical fitness component =

A

Non performance components that relate to biological systems influenced by habitual activity.
Metabolic fitness, morphologic fitness, bone integrity

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14
Q

Cardiorespiratory endurance:

A

Ability of circulatory & respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained PA

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15
Q

body composition:

A

Relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, & other vital parts of the body

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16
Q

muscular strength:

A

Ability of muscle to exert force

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17
Q

Muscular endurance:

A

Ability of muscle to continue to perform w/out fatigue

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18
Q

flexibility:

A

Range of motion available at a joint

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19
Q

Agility:

A

Ability to change position of body in space with speed & accuracy

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20
Q

Coordination:

A

ability to use the senses, e.g. sight & hearing, together w/ body parts in performing tasks smoothly & accurately

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21
Q

Balance:

A

Maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving

22
Q

Power:

A

Time elapsed b/w stimulation & the beginning of the reaction to it

23
Q

Reaction time:

A

Time elapsed b/w stimulation & the beginning of the reaction to it

24
Q

Speed:

A

Ability to perform a mvmt within a short period of time

25
Q

Epidemiology:

A

Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), & the application of this study to the control of diseases & other health problems

26
Q

Health-related states or events:

A

The concept of health is viewed on a continuum; for example, consider both life quality & disease state.

27
Q

Health-related outcomes:

A

May refer to both disease and other health-specific conditions as an absolute (disease absent or disease present) or graded (normal weight, overweight or obese).

28
Q

Epidemiology can identify:

A

Risk factors, but not causality

29
Q

Prevalence:

A

Number of people w/ health-related outcome at a specific time
Helpful in assessing need for health care or preventative strategies

30
Q

Incidence:

A

Number of new occurrences of health-related outcome that develop during a specific time interval

31
Q

Observational study design:

A

Descriptive studies – case reports/studies – Individuals
Analytical studies – Correlational – populations
Cross-sectional surveys – individuals
Case-control studies – individuals
Cohort studies – individuals

32
Q

Experimental study design:

A

Randomized, controlled trials – individuals

33
Q

Case-control study:

A

Comparison of disease present (case) & disease absent (control) populations seeking associations of exposure to the factors of interest

34
Q

Cohort study:

A

Longitudinal observation of a population to assess the effect of a specific exposure or intervention

35
Q

Randomized, controlled trial:

A

*Participants are randomly assigned to one or multiple conditional trails to quantitatively assess the effects of a specific intervention

36
Q

Case study:

A

*Description of a single or group of individuals w/ a similar diagnosis. (large variance)

37
Q

Correlational study:

A

Population characteristics analysed to describe the frequency and r/ship of a health-related outcome & a specific variable.

38
Q

Cross-sectional survey:

A

Describes the prevalence of a health-related outcome within a sample in relation to personal or demographic characteristics.

39
Q

Inverse dose-response r/ship between PA and:

A

All-cause mortality, cardiorespiratory health, metabolic health, weight loss, weight maintenance following weight loss, abdominal obesity, bone, joint & muscular health, functional health, colon and breast cancers, depression & distress.

40
Q

Study: changes in PA and mortality – 4 key outcomes:

A
  • Beginning moderately vigorous sports activity (>/ 4.5 METs) reduced mortality by 23%
  • *Quitting smoking reduced mortality by 41%, however, mortality rates remained 23% higher than constant non-smoking
  • Recently diagnosed hypertension is at a lower risk of death than chronic hypertension.
  • Maintenance of lean body mass was associated with lower mortality than long-term, recent or previous obesity
41
Q

Lean men had…

A

Double the risk of all-cause mortality of fit, lean men *

42
Q

Unfit men…

A

Had a higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality than did fit men in all fat and fat-free mass categories

43
Q

Unfit, lean mean had…

A

Higher risk of all-cause & CVD mortality than did men who were fit and obese

44
Q

Unfit men with…

A

Low waist girths (<87cm) had greater risk of all-cause mortality than did fit men with high waist girths (99cm)

45
Q

What is the optimum amount of ex for longevity?

A

4200kJ/wk presents a 20-30% reduction in all-cause mortality

Vigorous activity associated with longevity

46
Q

How much longer can active people expect to live?*

A

2 years (Peffenbarger et al.1986)

47
Q

Dose-response relative risk CVD – PA & PF:

A

Both factors decrease relative risk
PF is sig more of a protective factor than PA
Intensity may be a link to explain the diff b/w them

48
Q

Surgeon general’s report on PA and Health 1996

A

“Sig health benefits can be obtained by including a mode amount of PA on most, if not all, days of the wk. through a modest increase in daily activity, most Americans can improve their health and quality of life.”

49
Q

Does ex improve all health and fitness parameters to the same degree?

A

no

50
Q

Does-response to exercise:

A

Some activity is better than none, and more activity – up to a certain point – is better than less.
Optimal dose of PA has yet to be defined

51
Q

Ex volume and total energy expenditure

A

Mode administered has implications for outcome achieved

52
Q

PA/fitness & all-cause mortality r/ship =

A

Inverse r/ship

Physical capacity appears to be a protective agent

exercise prescription (12 decks)

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