lecture 2,3 and 4.

Question 1

what is the nervous system composed of

Answer 1

CNS, PNS and the brain

Question 2

role of a neuron

Answer 2

communicates with other cells and produces electrical impulses which generate action potentials

Question 3

what are the 4 research methods

Answer 3

connectional, correlational, lesion and stimulation

Question 4

what are the 2 Connectional Methods

Answer 4

tracing connections and DTI

Question 5

what are Correlational Methods

Answer 5

making observations about brain activity while someone is performing a task

Question 6

limit to correlational methods

Answer 6

correlation does not equal causation

Question 7

how does an mri work

Answer 7

partially magnetises the body which creates a difference in how protons behave

Question 8

how does an fMRI work

Answer 8

put participant in a scanner and give them a task, neurons are more active so need more oxygen

Question 9

what is neurophysical testing

Answer 9

measures effects of brain damage on specific cognitive functions

Question 10

what is single dissociation

Answer 10

patient versus control

Question 11

what is double dissociation

Answer 11

patient versus patient

Question 12

what are events that cause lesions

Answer 12

TBI and stroke

Question 13

what are 2 stimulation methods

Answer 13

DBS and TMS

Question 14

what is DBS

Answer 14

deep brain stimulation, electrodes implanted in brain

Question 15

what is TMS

Answer 15

transcranial magnetic stimulation, cap on your head while doing a task

Question 16

what are the 4 major techniques in studying brain function

Answer 16

single cell recording
ERP
MEG
electroenceophology

Question 17

what is pure research

Answer 17

conducted for purpose of acquiring knowledge

Question 18

what is applied research

Answer 18

intended to bring benefit to humans

Question 19

what is translational research

Answer 19

mix of pure and applied research

Question 20

what is anchoring bias

Answer 20

overly influenced by single observation

Question 21

what is confirmation bias

Answer 21

seeking out info that already aligns with our knowledge

Question 22

what is availability bias

Answer 22

scenario feels more likely when easily recalled

Question 23

what is the cerebrum

Answer 23

largest and uppermost part of the brain. 2 hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum

Question 24

what is the cerebral cortex

Answer 24

outer covering of the cerebrum

Question 25

what is grey matter

Answer 25

stoma and cell bodys

Question 26

what is white matter

Answer 26

myelin

Question 27

what are the 4 lobes

Answer 27

occipital parietal frontal temporal

Question 28

what is the function of parietal lobe

Answer 28

sensory processing and language

Question 29

what is the function of frontal lobe

Answer 29

movement and higher cognitive functions

Question 30

what is the function of temporal lobe

Answer 30

auditory processing

Question 31

role of thalamus

Answer 31

relay station to cerebral cortex

Question 32

role of hypothalamus

Answer 32

homeostasis

Question 33

what is the limbic system

Answer 33

brain system for emotion and survival

Question 34

role of hippocampus

Answer 34

learning and memory, consolidates ST into LT

Question 35

role of amygdala

Answer 35

emotional processing

Question 36

role of mammillary bodies

Answer 36

aspects of memory

Question 37

role of basal ganglia

Answer 37

involved with motor control and learning

Question 38

what does the hindbrain consist of

Answer 38

brain stem, pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain

Question 39

role of pons

Answer 39

sleep and arousal

Question 40

role of medulla oblongata

Answer 40

regulation of cardiovascular system

Question 41

function of soma

Answer 41

integrates info that came from dendrite

Question 42

function of axons

Answer 42

conduct info

Question 43

function of axon terminals

Answer 43

outputting info across the synapse

Question 44

name the 2 different neurons

Answer 44

sensory (afferent) and motor (Efferent)

Question 45

function of glia

Answer 45

myelin sheath, transport nutrients to neurons

Question 46

who discovered neurotransmission

Answer 46

Otto Loewi

Question 47

explain how neurotransmission works

Answer 47

there is a gap between neurons called the synaptic cleft. neurotransmitters release their effect by binding to receptors. this action can be excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory.

Question 48

how does action potentials work

Answer 48

at rest there is a high amount of sodium outside the cell and a small amount inside. opposite is the case for potassium. once a cell reaches its potential it will fire causing sodium to go in and potassium to go out. this signal is passed down the membrane causing other action potentials

Question 49

another name for action potentials

Answer 49

polarisation and depolarisation.