Lecture 2

Question 1

Conditioning (noun):

Answer 1

the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order

Question 2

Give an example of conditioning (noun).

Answer 2

• a person’s or animal’s state of health or physical fitness

- an illness or other medical problem

Question 3

Conditioning (verb):

Answer 3

bring (something) into the desired state of use

Question 4

Give an example of conditioning (verb).

Answer 4

make (a person or animal) fit and healthy

Question 5

What are the 4 ways the conditioning is achieved?

Answer 5

• PA
• nutrition
• ergogenic aids
• adjunctive modalities (massage, thermal etc.)

Question 6

Exercise:

Answer 6

• activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness
• an activity carried out for a specific purpose
• generation of force by the activated muscles
• disruption of a homeostatic state

Question 7

Exercise is a type of _____ _____.

Answer 7

physical activity

Question 8

PA is an activity requiring _____ _____.

Answer 8

physical exertion

Question 9

What is the difference between PA and exercise?

Answer 9

• in PA: purpose may or may not be to sustain or improve health and/or fitness
• in exercise: specific purpose is to sustain or improve health and/or fitness

Question 10

What are the 5 types of exercise?

Answer 10

• locomotion
• activities of daily living
• occupation
• recreation/sport
• exercise

Question 11

What are the 3 types of muscle activity?

Answer 11

• concentric
• isometric
• eccentric

Question 12

Muscle effort can come from what 2 types of muscles?

Answer 12

• striated muscle (skeletal, cardiac)

- smooth muscle

Question 13

What are the 2 types of exercise that use muscle effort?

Answer 13

• cardiovascular fitness

- musculoskeletal fitness

Question 14

Homeostasis:

Answer 14

• Le milieu interieur (Claude Bernard)
• regulation of an organism’s or cell’s internal environment
• maintain a condition of equilibrium regardless of changing external conditions

Question 15

Disruption of homeostasis:

Answer 15

external conditions exceed organism’s/cell’s ability to regulate internal environment

Question 16

Describe a single disruption of homeostasis.

Answer 16

• stimulus –> response

- physiologic processes occur to restore homeostasis

Question 17

Describe a multiple disruption of homeostasis.

Answer 17

• stimulus –> response –> adaptation
• stimuli presented repeatedly
• physiologic processes occur to change the condition of the organism/cell

Question 18

How does a stimulus elicit adaptations?

Answer 18

• must be sufficient to disrupt homeostasis
• type of stimulus
• exercise volume and intensity

Question 19

FITT principle:

Answer 19

• F: frequency
• I: intensity (difficulty)
• T: type
• T: time (volume or amount)

Question 20

What is (Physical) training?

Answer 20

planned regimen of appropriate types of exercise, with sufficient volume, intensity and frequency to elicit change in an organism’s condition

Question 21

Training involves ____ and _____ of training.

Answer 21

• modes

- methods

Question 22

Modes of training:

Answer 22

exercise selection

Question 23

Methods of training:

Answer 23

manipulation of volume, intensity and frequency

Question 24

What are the 3 training objectives?

Answer 24

• health and wellness
• body composition/aesthetics
• performance

Question 25

Describe training for health and wellness.

Answer 25

training to improve physical fitness to improve health and wellness

Question 26

Describe training for body composition/aesthetics.

Answer 26

training to modify physical appearance

Question 27

Describe training for performance.

Answer 27

training to improve physical fitness and to improve physical performance

Question 28

What are the 4 steps to developing a training program?

Answer 28

- assessment and determination of needs and goals - ID of timeframe - planning training program (modes and methods) specific to needs and goals - monitoring training efficacy and modifying training program as necessary

Question 29

Performance:

Answer 29

the action or process of performing a task or function

Question 30

Give 3 examples of performance.

Answer 30

- sport performance - occupational performance - activities of daily living (rehabilitation; disease or dysfunction)

Question 31

Why is sport important?

Answer 31

- pursuit of excellence (pushing the envelope) | - knowledge from sport has been translated to other areas of human physical function

Question 32

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1800s?

Answer 32

- strongmen entertainers - physique contests - sport of weightlifting introduced in 1896 Olympics

Question 33

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1940s (conversion of Dr. Peter Karpovich)?

Answer 33

anti-strength training professor starts to study strength training

Question 34

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1940s (Thomas Delorme)?

Answer 34

- pioneers use of resistance exercise for injured soldiers | - applies techniques to other populations including poliomyelitis

Question 35

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1960s?

Answer 35

resistance exercise gains popularity in training for athletes

Question 36

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1990s?

Answer 36

resistance exercise is recommended for adults

Question 37

According to a study for people with nonspecific chronic low back pain, how did a periodized training program help?

Answer 37

- 3 groups: 2, 3, 4 days/weeks - all groups have reduction in pain and disability, increased quality of life - group 3 has the greatest improvements

Question 38

In the study of exercise for chronic low back pain, what was learned?

Answer 38

periodization can't only be applied to athlete training, but also to the rehabilitation setting