Lecture 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
True predation
predators kill their prey
Herbivore
animal that feeds on plants
Parasitism
a parasite living on/outside another organism
Resource competition
negative interaction between 2 organisms, of the same or different species, over resources that are in short supply
Interference competition
organisms seeking a resource harm one another in the process, even if the resource is not in short supply
Interspecific
BETWEEN species
intraspecific
WITHIN species
checkerboard distribution
consist of a pair of species with exclusive island‐by‐island distributions, but that have overlapping geographical ranges.
physico chemical limiting factors
temperature
moisture
light
when are temperature ranges smallest over the globe?
at low latitudes and over oceans
Where in the globe is precipitation higher?
over equator
homeotherm
an organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level by metabolic activity
Isotherm
a line on a map connecting points having the same temperature at a given time or on average over a given period
ecotype
a group of organisms within a species that are adapted to different environmental conditions and therefore differ from one another in structure and physiology
How can ecotypes be distinguished in plants?
by collecting seeds from individuals along some environmental gradient and growing seedlings in a ‘common garden’
Name three limiting climatic factors
temperature, moisture, light
How does light limit the local distribution of organisms/plants?
- timing e.g. photoperiodism, daily activity cycles
- photosynthesis
name the three photosynthetic strategies
- c3
- c4
- CAM
what does CAM stand for?
Crassulacean acid metabolism
How are C4 plants more photosynthetically adapted than C3?
- more efficient anatomically
- photosynthesises faster at high light
- more common intropics than in temperate/polr region
what type is the majority of plants?
C3 (95%)
What is the C3 pathway?
co2 + RuDP -> (RuDP carboxylase) -> phosphoglyeric acid
C4 pathway?
co2 + PEP -> PEP carboxylase -> malic acid + aspartic acid
Which type of plant contains Krantz anatomy?
C4