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Anatomy 314 - GIT > Lecture 2: Anterior abdominal wall including the inguinal canal > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Anterior abdominal wall including the inguinal canal Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of ant abdominal wall

A

 Skin
 Sup. Fascia
 Muscles and associated deep fascia
 Extraperitoneal fascia
 Parietal peritoneum

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2
Q

Sup. Fascia of ant. Abdominal wall consists of

A

connective tissue.

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3
Q

Contents of the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall varies depending on its

A

Location

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4
Q

Contents of the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall varies depending on its location:

A

Either above or below the umbilicus

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5
Q

Above the umbilicus the superficial fascia

A

=Single sheath of connective tissue and is continuous with sup. Fascia of other regions of the body

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6
Q

Below the umbilicus the superficial fascia

A

Sup. Fascia consists of 2 layers:
Superficial layer: Campers fascia (fatty layer)
Deep layer: Scarpa’s fascia (membranous layer)

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7
Q

In the midline just superior to the penis, we have

A

scarpas contribution to the formation of the fundiform lig of the penis

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Muscles of the ant. Abdominal wall:

A

5 muscles divided into 2 groups:
Vertical and flat

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10
Q

VERTICAL MUSCLES: (2)

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • pyramidalis
  • Situated near midline
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11
Q
A

Rectus abdominis

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12
Q

Rectus abdominis:

A
  • Long, paired muscle
  • Either side of the midline
  • Divided into two by the linea alba
  • Lateral border create a surface marking called the linea semilunaris (Semilunar line)
  • Muscle intersected by fibrous strips known as tendinous intersections
  • Tendinous intersections & linea alba give rise to the ‘six pack’
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13
Q

Rectus abdominis functions:

A
  • – Bliateral contraction = flexion, compression
  • – Unilateral contraction = lateral flexion
  • – Assisting flat muscles in compressing the abdominal viscera
  • – Stabilises pelvis during walking
  • – Depresses ribs
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14
Q
A

Pyramidalis

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15
Q

Pyramidalis innervation

A

subcostal nerve (T12)

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16
Q

Pyramidalis characteristics

A
  • Variable
  • Small triangle shaped muscle
  • Superficial to rectus abdominis
  • Base on pubis bone
  • Apex of triangle attached to linea alba
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17
Q

Pyramidalis function

A

Tenses linea alba

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18
Q

Flat muscles: (3)

A

– External oblique, internal oblique & transversus abdominis
– Situated laterally
– Stacked upon one another

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19
Q

Functions of flat muscles

A
  • Flex, laterally flex & rotate trunk
  • Fibres run in differing directions & cross each other
  • Strengthening abdominal wall
  • Decreasing the risk of herniation
  • In anterior medial aspect of abdominal wall, each flat muscle forms an aponeurosis (broad flat tendon) which covers the vertical rectus abdominis muscle
  • Aponeurosis of all the flat muscles becomes intertwined at the midline, which forms the linea alba
    Linea alba extends from xhiphoid process to the pubic symphasis
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20
Q

INTERNAL OBLIQUEs VISIBLE-FIBRES ARE ___________ TO those of External oblique

A

PERPENDICULAR

21
Q
A

External oblique:
- Largest and most superficial of all flat muscles on abdominal wall
- Integrates with serratus anterior

22
Q

external oblique proximal attachment

A

Lower 8 ribs

23
Q

external oblique distal attachment

A

Ant. Iliac crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba

24
Q

external oblique innervation

A

ant. Rami of T7-T12

25
Q

external oblique action

A

Unilateral: Contralateral rotation of trunk, lat. Flexion of trunk
Bilateral: flexion of trunk, compress and support viscera

26
Q

external oblique fiber direction

A

Inferomedially (hands in pockets)

27
Q

ASIS

A

= Ant superior iliac spine
- The lower free border of External Oblique which extends from the pubic tubercle
= ASIS –> forms inguinal ligament

28
Q

Sup. Inguinal ring

A

= opening in aponeurosis of the EO for the spermatic cord/round ligament.

29
Q
A

Internal oblique

30
Q

Internal oblique characteristics

A
  • Lies deep to the EO and is much smaller and thinner in structure
  • Fibres runs superomedially (perp. To EO)
31
Q

Internal oblique proximal attachment

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, ant iliac crest, inguinal lig.

32
Q

Internal oblique distal attachment

A

Ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis (via conjoint tendon)

33
Q

Internal oblique innervation

A

ant. Rami of T6-L1 spinal nerves

34
Q

Internal oblique action

A

Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation of trunk, lateral flexion of trunk
Bilateral: flexion of trunk, compress and support viscera

35
Q

Conjoint tendon

A

The IO and transversus abdominus insert on pubic crest and pectineal line as a common tendon

36
Q
A

Transversus abdominis

37
Q

Transversus abdominis characteristics

A
  • Deepest
  • Fibers run transversely.
  • Deep to this muscle we have the transversalis fascia
38
Q

Transversus abdominis prox attachment

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal lig, lower 6 costal cartilages

39
Q

Transversus abdominis distal attachment

A

linea alba, pubis (via conjoint tendon) and xhiphoid process

40
Q

Transversus abdominis innervation

A

ant. Rami of T6-L1 spinal nerves

41
Q

Transversus abdominis action

A

compress and support viscera

42
Q

All abdominal muscles contribute to:

A
  • Stabilization of the back (posture)
  • Compression of abdominal viscera:
    >Raises intraabdominal pressure
    Defecation, childbirth, micturition, flatulence, vomiting.
    >Raises intrathoracic pressure
    Laughing, coughing, shouting.
43
Q

Rectus sheath:

A

Formed by aponeuroses of the three flat muscles
- Encloses the rectus abdominus and pyramidalis muscles
- Consists of anterior and posterior wall for most of its length:

44
Q

Ant. wall of rectus sheath

A

is formed by the aponeuroses of external oblique & 1⁄2 of internal oblique

45
Q

Post. wall of rectus sheath

A

wall formed by aponeuroses of 1⁄2 internal oblique & transversus abdominus

46
Q
A
47
Q

± Midway between umbilicus & pubic symphysis all aponeuroses move to anterior wall of rectus sheath

A
  • At this point no posterior wall to sheath
  • Result: rectus abdominis in direct contact with transversalis fascia
  • Transition zone between having a posterior wall, and no posterior wall is known as the arcuate line
48
Q
A

arcuate line

Anatomy 314 - GIT (18 decks)

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