Lecture 10: MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS - Pancreas, Liver, Gall bladder, Spleen

Question 1

ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Answer 1

Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Spleen

Question 2

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Question 4

Liver has 2 surfaces

Answer 4

Diaphragmatic surface
visceral surface

Question 5

Diaphragmatic surface:

Answer 5

Smooth, convex
Beneath dome of diaphragm
Posterior aspect: Direct contact with the diaphragm itself  ‘bare area’

Question 6

Visceral surface:

Answer 6

Covered by peritoneum EXCEPT fossa of gallbladder & porta hepatis
Irregular
In contact with: right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure, transverse colon, 1st part duodenum, gallbladder, oesophagus & stomach

Question 7

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Question 10

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Question 12

Liver: Ligaments

Answer 12

Coronary
Triangular
Falciform
Round ligament of liver
Greater omentum

Question 13

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Question 15

Liver: Anatomical Lobes

Answer 15

L lobe and R lobe

Question 16

R lobe of liver is divided into 2 lobes

Answer 16

Quadrate lobe & caudate lobe

Question 17

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Question 21

Liver: Segmentation

Question 22

Answer 22

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Answer 23

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Question 25

Porta Hepatis: Structures entering and exiting the liver

Answer 25

Right and left bile ducts to form common hepatic duct
Right and left hepatic arteries
- Coeliac trunk
- Common hepatic artery
- Hepatic artery proper
Autonomic nerves
Lymphatics
Portal hepatic vein

Question 26

Liver: Vasculature

Answer 26

• Has unique dual blood supply
• Firstly by means of the proper hepatic artery from celiac trunk
• Hepatic portal veins provides blood with partially deoxygenated blood carrying nutrients absorbed from the small intestine = dominant blood supply to the liver

Venous drainage:
- Via hepatic veins
- Central veins of hepatic lobule form connecting veins which then combine to form multiple hepatic veins
- The central veins of the hepatic lobule form collecting veins which then combine to form multiple hepatic veins  open into IVC