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Geography of Canada > Lecture 2: Canada's Physical Base > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Canada's Physical Base Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a sense of place?

A

Psychological bond that people have between people and the area that they are from

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2
Q

What is a benefit of sense of place?

A

Leads to regional conciousness (willinginess to advocate for your region and its interests)

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3
Q

What are the 6 regions of Canada?

A
  1. Territorial North
  2. BC
  3. Western Canada
  4. Ontario
  5. Quebec
  6. Atlantic Canada
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4
Q

What is the Core/Periphery Theory?

A

The theory that the core (industrial heartland) dominates the periphery (resource hinterland) in the economic realtionship - but they both rely on eachother

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5
Q

Where is the Core in Canada?

A

Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec

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6
Q

What are BC and the Prairie provinces considered to be in Core/Periphery Theory?

A

Upward transitional peripheries

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7
Q

What are the Atlantic Provinces considered to be in Core/Periphery Theory?

A

Downward transitional peripheries

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8
Q

What are 6 charecteristics of cores?

A
  1. They recieve raw materials from periphery
  2. Manufacturing is a common industry
  3. Geographically small
  4. Urban and densely populated
  5. Diverse economy
  6. Home to corporate headquarters
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9
Q

What are 4 charecteristics of peripheries?

A
  1. Purchase manufactured goods from core
  2. Geographically large
  3. Resourced-based economy
  4. Rural and sparesely populated
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10
Q

What are 3 noticeable trends as one travels from core to periphery?

A
  1. Population and population density decrease
  2. Median income decreases
  3. Unemployment rate increases
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11
Q

What are the two contrasing ways that cores and peripheries interact?

A
  1. Regional Exploitation Model (not Canada)
    - wealthy core exploits natural resources of periphery leaving it impoverished
  2. Modern Model (Canada)
    - core invests in periphery and helps it grow economically
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12
Q

What is a subcore?

A

Has similar charecteristics to a core but on a smaller scale

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13
Q

What are 3 sub-cores in Canada’s periphery?

A
  1. Vancouver/Victoria
  2. Calgary/Edmonton
  3. Halifax
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14
Q

What is the Staples Thesis?

A

A proposed explanation of how and why Canada’s economy has grown and changed since Confederation

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15
Q

What is a staple product?

A

A nartural resource that can be exploited realtively quickly and cheaply for a product

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16
Q

Where was the first periphery in Canada?

A

Atlantic Provinces (a periphery for england)

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17
Q

What is the order of the advancement of Canada’s Staple products?

A
  1. Fur
  2. Lumber (from east to west)
  3. Fish (east)
  4. Mining (from east to west)
  5. Oil (west)
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18
Q

What are economic linkages good for?

A

Economic growth and job creation

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19
Q

What is backward linkage?

A

Supplies for the staple industries (ex: saws and tools for lumber industry)

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20
Q

What is forward linkage?

A

Local processing before export (ex: squarring lumber before shipment)

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21
Q

What is final demand linkage?

A

Servicing the needs of workers and their families (stores, schools, hospitals)

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22
Q

What did the National Policy of 1879 do?

A

Created nationwide market for Canadian-made goods

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23
Q

How did the National Policy of 1879 create a nationwide market for Canadian goods?

A

By implementing tarrifs on foreign made goods

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24
Q

Who did the National Policy of 1879 favour?

A

Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec since transportation costs were minimized

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25
Where did the National Policy of 1879 have a negative effect?
Western Canada - were purchasing expensive Canadian-made goods from the core but were exporting wheat and grain to the USA
26
What is the global core?
North America and Western Europe
27
Where is the global sub-core?
Asia - China, SK, Japan
28
How does Canada take advantage of the growing global sub-core?
Diversification of trade
29
What are the 5 sub categories of Canada's physical geography?
1. Geologic elements 2. Physiography 3. Climate 4. Vegetation 5. Soil
30
What are the 3 major geologic elements in Canada?
1. Canadian Shield (igneous) 2. Platform (sedimentary rock) 3. Folded Mountains (metamorphic rock)
31
How old is the Canadian Shield?
Over 1 billion years (oldest rock in NA)
32
Where is the Canadian Shield located?
From NWT, through northern prairies, northern ontario, northern quebec, and labrador
33
Where is Platform rock?
Interior Plains of the continent (NWT to Texas)
34
What are the 3 areas containing folded mountains in Canada?
Appalachian, Innuitian, Cordillera
35
What are key charecteristics about the Innuitian Mountains?
Jagged but somewhat eroded, mostly inaccessible
36
What are key charecteristics about the Cordillera Mountains?
The highest and most jagged (bc they are so young) also permanently snow-capped tops
37
What are the two major mountain ranges in Codillera?
Rocky Mountains, and Coast Mountains
38
What is a physiograhic region?
A region that contains similar topographic features
39
What are the 7 physiographic regions of Canada?
1. Canadian Shield 2. Codillera 3. Interior Plains 4. Huson Bay Lowlands 5. Arctic Aechipelago 6. Appalachian Uplands 7. Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
40
Describe the Canadian Shield (4)
- extends over half of Canada's land mass - rocky surface consists of mainly rugged land - during the last time of ice advance, the surface was subjected to glacial erosion and desposition - contains a wealth of valuable metallic mineral resources
41
Which physicographic region has the highest variation of relief, and has a complex region of plateaus and valleys?
Codillera
42
Which physiographic region was once covered by a large inland sea?
Interior Plains
43
Which physiographic region has many bogs and muskeg (porrly drained soil)
Hudson Bay Lowlands
43
Which physiographic region is known for having deep, and wipe river valleys?
Interior Plains
44
Which physigraphic region has the least variation in relief?
Hudson Bay Lowlands
45
Describe the water drainage situation in the Hudson Bay Lowlands
The permafrost underneath prevents water drainage
46
What does Archipelago mean?
Large grouping of islands
47
Which physiographic region is covered by snow in the north and tundra in the south?
Arctic Archipelago
48
Describe the tree growth situation in the Arctic Archipelago
Continous permafrsot underneath prevents tree growth
49
What are two key charecteristics of Appalachian Uplands
1. Rounded uplands and narrow river valleys 2. Indented coast line creates many small bays and harbours
50
What is the smallest physiographic region?
Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
51
Describe the landscape of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
flat, with rolling hills, sedimentary rock underneath
52
Describe the soil of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
very fertile, well suited for agriculture
53
What is a Continental Glacier?
Thick sheets of ice that cover entire continents
54
What are Alpine Glaciers?
Glaciers found in mountainous regions, glaciers that develop when slopes accumulate with snow that compacts into ice over long periods of time
55
How was the Hudson Bay formed?
Thich heavy ice that pushed down the rock and create this hole that is now called Hudson Bay
56
Where was the former lake Agassiz and how was it formed?
Manitoba - formed by melting ice
57
What are the two components of Climate?
Temperature and Precipitation
58
What are the 7 climatic controls?
1. Lattitude (at lower latitudes (closer to equator), more solar radiation hits the surface 2. Altitude - higher elevations have cooler temperatures 3. Proximity to water - water keeps nearby land warmer in automn and cooler in spring 4. Ocean currents - currents transport warm or cold water depending on source of current 5. Variations in topography - cold air is dense and tends to sink into valleys 6. Prevailing Wind - Some wind systems cause rapid temperature changes 7. Locations of Pressure systems: relates to poosition of warm and cold fronts
59
What are the 7 climatic zones?
1. Pacific 2. Cordillera 3. Prairies 4. Great Lakes - St. Lawrence 5. Atlantic 6. Subarctic 7. Arctic
60
What are the 2 main climatic controls in Canada?
Latitude and Proximity to Bodies of Water
61
Where is body of water induced temperature moderation most evident?
Along ocean coasts, and a bit less near great lakes
62
What is the growing season defined as?
number of days beween final frost in spring and first frost in fall
63
Where is the longest growing season
Victoria
64
What is convective percipitation?
Thunderstorms caused by air rising off the hot ground (Praries and Great Lakes)
65
what are the traditional economic anchors of each region:
Ontario: automobile manufacturing Quebc: hydroelectric power BC: forest industry Western Canada: Agriculture Atlantic Canada: fisheries Territorial North: megaprojects
66
What is continentalism?
oposite of nationalism - supports free trade

Geography of Canada (12 decks)

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