Lecture 2: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

discovered cells/coined the term cells

Answer 1

robert hooke

Question 2

proposed that

all organisms exist as either single cells or aggregates of cells

Answer 2

Theodor Schwann

Question 3

true bacteria is also called as ___-

Answer 3

eubacteria

Question 4

list the three great classes of organisms

Answer 4

bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic.

Question 5

true or false: archaea

are always unicellular

Answer 5

true

Question 6

true or false; eukaryotes are multicellular

Answer 6

false; may be uni or multicellular

Question 7

current classification of organisms is based on

____

Answer 7

biochemical analysis,

Question 8

organisms were originally classified based on ____

Answer 8

morphological

or structural criteria,

Question 9

____are surrounded by a plasma membrane and usually

by a rigid outer cell wall as well.

Answer 9

Prokaryotic cells

Question 10

within the membrane of Prokaryotic cells is the ____ which contains ____

Answer 10

cytoplasm,, cytosol

Question 11

what is a cytosol

Answer 11

a semiliquid concentrated solution

or gel—and the structures suspended within

Question 12

the genetic information
is in the form of
____
that exist free in the cytosol in prokaryotes

Answer 12

one or more DNA molecules

Question 13

what are ribosomes

Answer 13

it is the site of protein synthesis

Question 14

what is the function of pili? where is it located?

Answer 14

aid in attaching the organism to other cells or surfaces,,, surface of a prokaryotic cell

Question 15

what is the function of flagella

Answer 15

enables prokaryotes to swim

Question 16

in prokaryotes, the DNA molecule in prokaryotes is coiled in ____

Answer 16

nucleoid

Question 17

_____ include the multicellular plants and animals, as well as
the unicellular and simple multicellular organisms called protozoans,
fungi, and algae

Answer 17

Eukaryotes

Question 18

in eukaryotes, specialized functions are carried out in

___

Answer 18

organelles

Question 19

___ are membrane-surrounded structures lying within the surrounding
cytoplasm.

Answer 19

organelles

Question 20

_____ specialize in oxidative metabolism

Answer 20

mitochondria,

Question 21

_____, a folded membrane structure rich in ribosomes

Answer 21

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

____membrane-
bound chambers that function in secretion and the transport of
newly synthesized proteins to their destination

Answer 22

Golgi complex,

Question 23

in eukaryotes the ___ contains the cell’s genetic information

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

the DNA in eukaryotes is packaged into ___

Answer 24

chromosomes

Question 25

the DNA is subpackaged in the dense region in nucleus called ___

Answer 25

nucleolus

Question 26

Surrounding the nucleus is a ___

Answer 26

nuclear envelope

Question 27

animal cells contain digestive bodies called _____, that is not found in plants

Answer 27

lysosomes

Question 28

Plant cells have ___-,

the sites of photosynthesis

Answer 28

chloroplasts

Question 29

plants have large, waterfilled
___, whose functions
may include intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion

Answer 29

vacuole

Question 30

most animal cells are surrounded only

by a ___

Answer 30

plasma membrane

Question 31

plant cells often have a tough ____

Answer 31

cell wall