Lecture 2- Cells And Tissues.

Question 1

Where is the apical or free surface?

Answer 1

The top of the cells.

Question 2

Name a microfilment.

Answer 2

Actin.

Question 3

What is the purpose of actin?

Answer 3

For strength, alter cell shape, line cytoplasm to membrane, toe cells together, muscle contraction.

Question 4

Name the intermediate filament

Answer 4

Keratin

Question 5

What is the purpose of keratin?

Answer 5

Strength, to move materials through the cytoplasm.

Question 6

What proteins bind the tight functions?

Answer 6

Claudin and occludin.

Question 7

What is the function of the tight junction?

Answer 7

To be electrically tight and not let any molecules pass through. To maintain polarity.

Question 8

Where in the cell is the tight junction located?

Answer 8

On the lateral side above the adherents junction.

Question 9

Where can the tight junction be found?

Answer 9

In the stomach, intestines, bladder.

Question 10

What protein fills the gap of the adherens junction?

Answer 10

Cadherin

Question 11

What proteins bind the cadherin to the plaque in the adherens junction?

Answer 11

Catenins bind to actin that binds to the plaque.

Question 12

Where is the adherens junction located in a cell?

Answer 12

Below the tight junction and above the gap junction on the lateral side.

Question 13

What protein fills the gap in Desmosome junctions?

Answer 13

Cadherin

Question 14

In desmosome junctions what does the cadherin bind to?

Answer 14

Keratin/ plaque

Question 15

Where are desmosome junctions located?

Answer 15

On the lateral side below the gap junction and above the basement membrane.

Question 16

Where can desmosome junctions be found?

Answer 16

In skin and cardiac cells.

Question 17

What do the function of the gap junction?

Answer 17

Communication channel, allow small molecules to pass through.

Question 18

How many Connexin proteins make up one Connexion in the gap junction?

Answer 18

6

Question 19

How many connexons make up one channel in the gap junction?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Where are gap junctions located in the cell?

Answer 20

On the lateral side below adherens and above desmosomes.

Question 21

What fills the gap of a hemidesmosome junction?

Answer 21

Integrin

Question 22

What does integrin link to in a hemidesmosome?

Answer 22

To the top plague/keratin and the bottom laminin to the basement membrane.

Question 23

Where about in the cell is the hemidesmosome junction located?

Answer 23

On the basal side attached to the basement membrane.

Question 24

What are the two parts of the basement membrane?

Answer 24

The basal lamina and the reticular lamina.

Question 25

Where is the basement membrane located within a cell?

Answer 25

Between the epithelium and the connective tissue.

Question 26

What does epithelial tissue contain?

Answer 26

Nerves but no blood vessels.

Question 27

What is the function of the basement membrane?

Answer 27

To act as a barrier and filter substances in the kidneys.

Question 28

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 28

Covering and lining and glandular.

Question 29

What is a simple arrangement?

Answer 29

A single layer of cells?

Question 30

What is a stratified arrangement?

Answer 30

2 or more layers of cells.

Question 31

What is a pseudostratified arrangement?

Answer 31

1 layer of elongated cells.

Question 32

What is a squamous shape?

Answer 32

Flat and thin cells.

Question 33

What is a cubodial shape?

Answer 33

Cells as tall as they are wide.

Question 34

What is a columnar shape?

Answer 34

Rectangular cells.

Question 35

What is a transitional shape?

Answer 35

A stratified epithelium that can change shape from a cubodial to flat shape.

Question 36

Where can transitional cels be found?

Answer 36

In the urinary bladder.

Question 37

What is simple squamous?

Answer 37

A single layer of thin and flat cells.

Question 38

Where can simple squamous cells be found?

Answer 38

Where there is filtration/diffusion. In kidneys/lungs/blood vessels, heart.

Question 39

What are the specialised subtypes of simple squamous?

Answer 39

Methothelium and endothelium.

Question 40

What is a simple cubodial shape?

Answer 40

A single layer of cube shaped cells.

Question 41

Where are simple cubodial cells found?

Answer 41

Where there is secretion and absorption. Pancreas ducts, kidneys, glands

Question 42

What do microvilli do?

Answer 42

Increase the surface area.

Question 43

What do cilia do?

Answer 43

Move side to side and push thing along.

Question 44

What shapes cells are simple columnar?

Answer 44

A single layer of rectangular cells.

Question 45

What are the subtypes of simple columnar cells?

Answer 45

Ciliated and non ciliated.

Question 46

Do ciliated simple columnar cells have goblet cells?

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

Do non ciliated simple columnar cells have goblet cells?

Answer 47

Yes.

Question 48

What shaped cells are stratified squamous?

Answer 48

Two or more layers of flat and thin cells.

Question 49

Where can stratified squamous cels be found?

Answer 49

Where there is mechanical or chemical stress.

Question 50

What are the two subtypes of stratified squamous cells?

Answer 50

Keritinised and non kertinised.

Question 51

Where can keratinised stratified squamous cells be found?

Answer 51

In the skin.

Question 52

Where can non keratinised stratified squamous cells be found?

Answer 52

In the mouth, throat, tongue, oesophagas.

Question 53

What shape are pseudo stratified columnar cells?

Answer 53

One layer of elongated rectangular cells.

Question 54

What are the subtypes of pseudo stratified columnar cells?

Answer 54

Ciliated and non ciliated.

Question 55

Can ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells have goblet cells?

Answer 55

Yes

Question 56

Can non ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells have goblet cells?

Answer 56

No.

Question 57

Where can ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells be found?

Answer 57

In upper parts of the respiratory tract.

Question 58

Where can non ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells be found?

Answer 58

In larger ducts.

Question 59

What shape are stratified columnar cells

Answer 59

2 or more layers of cube shaped cells.

Question 60

Where are stratified cubodial cells found?

Answer 60

In ducts if sweat glands, esophagus and male urethra.

Question 61

What shaped cells are stratified columnar?

Answer 61

2 or more layers of rectangular cells.

Question 62

Where can stratified columnar cells be found?

Answer 62

In parts of the urethra, large gland ducts such as the oesophageal glands, anal membrane and eye.

Question 63

What is glandular epithelial?

Answer 63

Glands of a single cell or group of cells that secrete substances into ducts, blood or a surface.

Question 64

What is the secretion pathway of the endocrine gland?

Answer 64

Directly into the blood.

Question 65

What is the secretion pathway of exocrine glands?

Answer 65

Into ducts that empty into the surface of a covering or lining epithelium.

Question 66

Where do endocrine glands secrete?

Answer 66

Into the pituitary, pineal, thyroid and parathyroid.

Question 67

Where do the exocrine gland secrete?

Answer 67

Into sweat, salivary, oil and wax glands and the pancreas.

Question 68

How many ducts does a simple gland have?

Answer 68

One single gland

Question 69

How many ducts dose a compound gland have?

Answer 69

Multiple ducts.