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SP2017 Micro Exam#2 > Lecture 2- Childhood Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Childhood Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Measles is a…. and it’s genome is… meaning it has to have a polymerase protein with it to be successful at replication

A

paramyxovirus

(-)ssRNA

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2
Q

Is measles enveloped ?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Measles replication takes place in the…

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

Measles has a fusion protein that causes…

A

syncytia formation

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5
Q

Measles… out of the cell at the end of replication

A

buds

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6
Q

The disease measles is obtained through…

A

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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7
Q

The incubation period of measles is….days

A

10-14

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8
Q

The primary infection of measles happens in the…. tissues and this is primary…

A
  • respiratory epithelial

- viremia

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9
Q

The symptom onset of measles coincides with…

A

the second round of virus replication

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10
Q

The secondary viremia stage of measles occurs in…

A
  • lymph nodes
  • tonsils
  • lungs
  • GI tract
  • spleen
  • skin
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11
Q

The 5 clinical symptoms of measles are (2-3 days after infection)

A
  1. conjunctivitis
  2. cough
  3. fever
  4. koplik’s spots
  5. characteristic rash
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12
Q

Recovery from measles is approximately… days after infection

A

20

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13
Q

… is the most deadly of the childhood rash/fever illnesses

A

measles

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14
Q

A possible complication of measles is…. which leads to opportunistic infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae)

A

immune suppression

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15
Q

Measles causes immune suppression by interfering with

A

CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors

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16
Q

A complication of measles can be… in … deficient children

A
  • blindness

- vitamin A

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17
Q

A complication of measles can be…. which is rare, 1:1000 children and is a demyelinating disease

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

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18
Q

A complication of measles can be …. which is very rare, 1:1,000,000 children, happens 7-10 years after infection and is a progressive neurological deterioration

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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19
Q

… are described as small, bright red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosa… pathognomonic for measles

A

koplik spots

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20
Q

3 ways to diagnose measles

A
  1. virus isolation in culture (difficult)
  2. serology
  3. ELISA
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21
Q

… is one of the most contagious diseases known

A

measles

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22
Q

The number of cases from one illness in a naive population for a measles infection is

A

15 to 20

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23
Q

With measles, people are infectious … prior to rash

A

2-3 days prior

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24
Q

In measles… are the only host

A

humans

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25
Q

The most important way to prevent measles is through

A

vaccination

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26
Q

The measles vaccine is has… immunity, is a …. vaccine and is safe (autism and colitis correlation retracted)

A
  • life long

- live attentuated

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27
Q

There are no antivirals for measles but providing… can reduce severity of a measles infection

A

-vitamin A

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28
Q

Measles was declared …. from the US in 2000 but remains common in other countries so it continues to be introduced in the US through international travel

A

eliminated

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29
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus is a…. and is… which means it needs to bring in a polymerase for successful replication

A
  • paramyxovirus

- (-)ssRNA

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30
Q

Is Respiratory syncytial virus enveloped of not?

A

yes

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31
Q

RSV infects the…. and is limited to this area

A

ciliated cells in the respiratory tract epithelium

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32
Q

RSV has a …. that creates syncytia

A

fusion protein

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33
Q

RSV… from cellular surface like measles

A

buds

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34
Q

… is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections

A

RSV

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35
Q

Infection of RSV is by…

A

inhalation of aerosol, fomites (inadamant objects like doorknob)

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36
Q

RSV is limited to…

A

respiratory tract

37
Q

Incubation period of RSV is…. days

A

4-5

38
Q

RSV can cause a lower respiratory tract infection…. days after upper respiratory tract infection

A

1-3

39
Q

Recovery from RSV takes… days after symptom onset

A

7-12

40
Q

RSV is a virus that infects…

A

humans

41
Q

RSV has no… reservoir

A

animal

42
Q

Infection of RSV does not yield …

A

life long immunity

43
Q

In an RSV infection there is… cytotoxicity which is though to result in…

A
  • low

- slower immune response

44
Q

Risk factors for RSV are…

A
  • attending day care

- school age siblings

45
Q

Risk for more severe disease from RSV: (4)

A
  • premature birth
  • male
  • second hand smoke
  • lack of breast feeding
46
Q

… may be used for RSV prevention which is administered by inhalation

A

ribavirin (antiviral)

47
Q

Is there a vaccine for RSV?

A

no

48
Q

… which is a humanized monoclonal antibody is a possible prevention for RSV and it targets … and given… once a month. This is an example of…

A
  • Palivizumab
  • F protein
  • IM
  • Passive immunoprophylaxis
49
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus also known as… is a…. and it’s genome is… and it has… of proteins

A
  • chickenpox
  • alphaherpesvirus
  • dsDNA, large
  • hundreds
50
Q

Is Varicella enveloped?

A

yes

51
Q

Varicella needs an…. cell for replication

A

active

52
Q

In a resting cell, varicella causes a …. infection

A

latent

53
Q

For varicella, replication happens in the … this virus causes… and … from the cellular surface

A
  • nucelus
  • fusion
  • buds
54
Q

Varicella infects…. cells 1st

A

neighboring

55
Q

Infection of varicella occurs through…

A

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

56
Q

Incubation period of varicella is…

A

10-21 days

57
Q

… immunity is key to controlling varicella infection

A

cell mediated

58
Q

Symptoms of varicella

A

1-fever

2-rash

59
Q

In a varicella infection, a rash will appear… days after symptom onset and it will progress for… days and will be primarily on the…

A
  • 1-2 days
  • 3-6 days
  • scalp, face and trunk
60
Q

Recovery for a varicella infection is usually…. post symptom onset

A

2 weeks

61
Q

Chickenpox usually established latent infections that can be reactivated which is…

A

shingles

62
Q

Chickenpox should not be confused with… the difference is chickenpox marks will be located on the… and smallpox marks will be on the…

A
  • smallpox
  • torso
  • extremities
63
Q

The primary prevention for varicella is…

A

vaccination

64
Q

The vaccine for varicella has… immunity and is a…. vaccine

A
  • life long

- live attenuated

65
Q

Besides vaccination, there is also an… for chickenpox called…

A
  • antiviral

- acyclovir

66
Q

Acyclovir, which is an antiviral for chickenpox interferes with… but cannot eliminate a…and does not prevent… of cells

A
  • genome replication
  • latent virus
  • infection
67
Q

Poliovirus is a…. and it’s genome is…

A
  • Picornavirus

- (+)ssRNA

68
Q

Is poliovirus enveloped?

A

-no

also no fusion

69
Q

The proteins of poliovirus are…

A
  • capsid VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4

- nonstructural proteases, polymerases

70
Q

Repilcation of Poliovirus is in the…

A

cytoplasm

71
Q

Poliovirus is a … transmission

A

fecal oral

72
Q

Primary replication of Poliovirus is in…. of the small intestine. This is minor…

A
  • Peyer’s patches
  • small intestine
  • viremia
73
Q

Infection of Poliovirus can be as few as…

A

100 TCID50

74
Q

Fecal shedding of poliovirus happens for… weeks

A

6

75
Q

There is… involvement in 1:200 of poliovirus infections

A

CNS

76
Q

Risk factors for CNS involvement from Poliovirus are…

A
  1. physical exertion
  2. trauma
  3. tonsillectomy
77
Q

When there is CNS involvement in a poliovirus infection, the virus replicates in the… of brain and spinal cord. This causes…. from anterior horn damage and …. from damage to the medulla oblongata

A
  • gray matter
  • limb paralysis
  • respiratory paralysis
78
Q

The primary prevention for poliovirus is…

A

vaccination

79
Q

There are 2 effective vaccines for poliovirus…

A

Salk- killed

Sabin- live attentuated

80
Q

Poliovirus is targeted for…

A

eradication

81
Q

Poliovirus only occurs in… there is no… reservoir

A
  • humans

- animal reservoir

82
Q

The Rotavirus is a… and its genome is…

A

-Reoviridae
-dsRNA,
(11 segmented genome)

83
Q

Is Rotavirus enveloped?

A

no

84
Q

Replication for rotavirus is in the…

A

cytoplasm

85
Q

Rotavirus is passed through…

A

fecal oral transmission

86
Q

Incubation of the rotavirus is… days, the symptoms are..

A
  • 2 days

- vomiting and fever

87
Q

Severe disease of Rotavirus is most common in…

A

6-24 month old children

88
Q

There are … vaccines available for rotavirus

A

-infant

Rotateq and Rotarix

SP2017 Micro Exam#2 (12 decks)

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