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SP2017 Micro Exam#2 > Lecture 4- Neurological Viruses > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Neurological Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

The Eastern equine encephalistis (EEE) virus AND the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus are from the… family and their genomes are…..
Are they enveloped?

A
  • Togaviridae
  • (+)ssRNA
  • yes
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2
Q

West nile virus is from the… family and its genome is…

is it enveloped?

A
  • Flaviviridae
  • (+)ssRNA
  • yes
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3
Q

Rabies is from the … family and its genome is…

is it enveloped?

A
  • Rhabdoviridae
  • (-)ssRNA
  • yes
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4
Q

Selected togarviruses and flaviviruses are transmitted through a.. such as… Examples of reservoirs are…. And transmission requires…. in the vector

A
  • vector
  • mosquitoes, culiseta, aedes, culex, ticks
  • birds, small mammals
  • replication
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5
Q

Both EEE and VEE use…. to enter cell and… it is then dumped into the…

A
  • receptor mediated endocytosis
  • fusion
  • cytoplasm (where everything occurs)
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6
Q

When a VEE or EEE virus is introduced through the bite of an arthropod, it infects cells locally and then is carried by…. to… and then it can get to the… where it gets to the… and crosses the… by an unknown methpd

A
  • Langehan cells
  • lymph node
  • bloodstream
  • CNS
  • BBB
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7
Q

Incubation period of EEE and VEE is…

A

4-10 days

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8
Q

The systemic disease of EEE and VEE has symptoms of… and lasts… until full recovery

A
  • chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia

- 1-2 weeks

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9
Q

When EEE or VEE cause encephalitic disease, the symptoms are…

A

-fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma

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10
Q

… of encephalitic cases (from EEE or VEE) die from the disease 2-10 days after onset

A

1/3

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11
Q

Those who recover from encephalitic disease (from VEE or EEE) will have long term sequelae such as

A

seizures
personality disorders
paralysis

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12
Q

Is there a vaccine available for EEE/VEE?

A

yes but only if traveling/military personnel
live attenuated TC-83 and
inactivated C-84

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13
Q

Is there treatment for EEE or VEE?

A

No, mosquito control is important

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14
Q

EEE is located in the… U.S. and is maintained in a cycle between …. and… in freshwater hardwood swamps

A
  • southeast
  • Culiseta melanura mosquitoes
  • avian hosts
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15
Q

… is not considered to be an important vector of EEEV to humans because it feeds almost…

A
  • Cs. melanura

- exclusively on birds

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16
Q

Incubation of West nile virus

A

2-14 days (short)

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17
Q

… % of people have asymptomatic infections with West nile virus

A

80%

18
Q

Illness occurs in about… % of West nile infections and the symptoms are…. and the duration is…

A
  • 20%
  • fever, headache, fatigue
  • 3-6 days
19
Q

West nile virus causes … in less than 1% of cases

A

neuroinvasive

20
Q

The neuroinvasive disease from West nile causes…

A

aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors

21
Q

50% of survivors of neuroinvasive dz from west nile virus have… 12 months later

A

long term sequlae

22
Q

Are there any vacccines or treatments for west nile virus?

A

no (mosquito control important)

23
Q

West nile virus has been seen in what part of the U.S.

A

all

24
Q

… are the main transmitters of west nile virus

A

Culex sp. mosquitos

25
Q

Why is WNV so much widespread across the U.S. than EEE?

A

because of the vector habitats

26
Q

Rabies from the … family and its genome is… which means it has to have an rna dependent rna polymerase.
Is it enveloped?

A
  • Rhabdoviridae
  • (-)ssRNA
  • yes
27
Q

Rabies has a broad…

A

tropism

28
Q

With rabies, replication occurs only in the…

A

cytoplasm

29
Q

In rabies, binding of the… to RNA triggers genome replication

A

N protein

30
Q

Rabies virus frequently produces…

A

defective interfering particles

31
Q

Transmission of rabies is by …
…% of bites cause disease
…% if on face or head

A

the bite of an infected animal
15%
60%

32
Q

Common reservoirs of rabies

A

bats, skunks, raccoons.

common in dogs in developing countries

33
Q

incubation period of rabies

A

1-3 months (long) depends on location of bite

34
Q

The spread of rabies happens… until it finds neurons. It moves passively in … of … to spinal ganglia, spinal cord and brain. Then it spreads back to….

A
  • locally
  • axoplasm
  • peripheral nerves
  • periphery, highly innervated salivary glands and replicates
35
Q

Symptoms of rabies

A
  • prickling or itching at bite site, fever, headache
  • hydrophobia- difficulty swallowing (foaming)
  • cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, insomnia
36
Q

In rabies, once symptoms occur, …

A

disease is nearly always fatal

37
Q

Only… documented survivals of rabies and only… of those had no history of previous prophylaxis

A

10

2

38
Q

is there a vaccine for rabies?

A

yes

39
Q

Post-exposure prophylaxis works with rabies because…

A

incubation period is 1-3 months so your body can gain an immune response in time even is vaccine is after bite

40
Q

The rabies vaccine is given immediately after bites that break skin and it is done in … doses, immediate, …,…and… days

A

4 doses
3
7
14

41
Q

Along with the rabies vaccine after a bite, you should also receive …

A

immunoglobulin (RIG)

SP2017 Micro Exam#2 (12 decks)

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