Lecture 2: Homeostasis

Question 1

What do sensors do?

Answer 1

detect changes of environment, inside and out

Question 2

What do control centers do?

Answer 2

will direct responses to return environment to normal range.

Question 3

What do effectors do?

Answer 3

Stabilize the internal environment

Question 4

Feedback?

Answer 4

gives feedback to sensors on how the change has done

Question 5

Farm animals are homeotherms, what does that mean?

Answer 5

animal that maintains its body temp at a constant temp

Question 6

What are examples of sensors

Answer 6

sense organ or receptors

Question 7

What are some control centers in an animal

Answer 7

Brain
Spinal column
Endocrine glands

Question 8

What is an example of effectors?

Answer 8

Glands
muscles
organs

Question 9

What woud be an advantage of multiple sensors and effectors?

Answer 9

Fail safe(one fails, another carrys out the process),
Fine Tune,
Faster and stronger responses are possible.

Question 10

How will animals adapt to cold weather?

Answer 10

• Increase feed consumption
• Change behaviour
• Shivering
• erection of hair
• vasoconstriction

Question 11

How will animals adapt to hot environments

Answer 11

• Increase sweat
• Eat less
• change behaviour
• respiration rate increases

Question 12

What is it called when animals can restore body temp to comfort range?

Answer 12

hypothermia

Question 13

What is BMR?

Answer 13

energy required to complete life processes in resting state

Question 14

What is fasting heat production?

Answer 14

heat production of animal when it is quiet but not still

Question 15

Which measure of heat is greater?

Answer 15

fasting heat production

Question 16

what is gross energy

Answer 16

amount of heat given off when 1 unit of feed is complete

Question 17

what energy is subtracted from gross energy to get digestible energy

Answer 17

fecal energy

Question 18

What energy is subtracted from digestible energy to get metabolized energy

Answer 18

energy to unrine (urinairy energy)

gazeous energy

Question 19

what energy is subtracted from metabolized energy to get net energy

Answer 19

energy used to eat
heat of fermentation
energy used to digest
energy used to metabolize nutrients

Question 20

What is net energy used for?

Answer 20

maintenance and production

Question 21

What happens if blood glucose gets low?

Answer 21

impairs brain function

Question 22

What happens if blood glucose gets too high?

Answer 22

dehydrate cells

Question 23

Why is it challenging to maintain a constant glucose level in animals?

Answer 23

because they eat twice a day therefore long break in between meals

Question 24

what are the sensors in the blood glucose homeostasis

Answer 24

pancreas

hypothalamus

Question 25

what are the control centers in the blood glucose homeostasis

Answer 25

pancreas | hypothalamus

Question 26

what are the effecttors in the blood glucose homeostasis

Answer 26

liver muscle fat

Question 27

true or false can glycogen in the liver be converted back to blood glucose

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what role do alpha and beta cells have in the blood glucose homeostasis

Answer 28

alpha cells secrete glucagon if the blood glucose is low | beta cells secrete insulin if the blood glucose is high

Question 29

once the beta bells secrete insulin what happens?

Answer 29

either insulin activates enzymes to breakdown glucose to turn into glycogen or insulin increases carriers that move glucose into fat cells

Question 30

When do muscles not get absorbed very well, and what activates them to absorb more

Answer 30

when resting | insulin

Question 31

what % of its own weight can liver have as glycogen

Answer 31

5-6%

Question 32

what happens when alpha cells secrete glucagon

Answer 32

activates a process that turns glucagon to glucose