Lecture 3: Growth

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

increase in height, length,girth and weight that happens in young animals given adequate amount of food and water

Question 2

hyperplasia

Answer 2

growth due to an increase in cell numbers

Question 3

hypoplasia

Answer 3

underdevelopment of tissues

Question 4

Aplasia

Answer 4

failure of an organ or tissue in either development or functioning normally

Question 5

Hypertrophy

Answer 5

growth due to an increase in cell size

Question 6

Atrophy

Answer 6

degeneration of cells

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

breakdown of cells

Question 8

Anabolism

Answer 8

building or rebuilding of cells

Question 9

What is the % of mature weight and age of beef cattle
at birth
at weaning 
at 1st bred
at calving

Answer 9

• 283 days/ 6-11%
• 200 days from parturition /45%
• 14 months/65%
• 2 years old/95%

Question 10

What is the % of mature weight and age of swine
at birth
at weaning 
at 1st bred
at calving
at market

Answer 10

• 114 days/0.4%
• 14-21 days/ 2.5%
• 8 months/ 40%
• 13 months/ 65%
• 5-6 months/ 45%

Question 11

what is pre-weaning growth depend on?

Answer 11

the quality of the milk from the dam

Question 12

what is post -weaning growth dependent on?

Answer 12

pre-weaning growth
nutrition
gender
genetics

Question 13

What is apposition in bones

Answer 13

when layers of tissue build up

Question 14

what is resorption in bones

Answer 14

the break down of materials

Question 15

which part develops first in an animal?

Answer 15

brain
skeleton or bones
muscle
fat

Question 16

What are major roles of bones?

Answer 16

Protect organs
provide a structure for muscles to form
structure and shape of the body

Question 17

How to detect if a sheep is mature or inmature?

Answer 17

break its leg, and if it breaks at a growth plate then it i immature, but if it breaks at a joint then it is mature.

Question 18

How much calcium is there in nobe

Answer 18

26.7%

Question 19

How much phosphorus in bone

Answer 19

12.5%

Question 20

what are functions for skeleton muscles?

Answer 20

movement
maintain posture
support soft tissues

Question 21

What are functions for adipose tissue?

Answer 21

where energy is stored
insulation
thermoregulation in newborn

Question 22

What are factors that affect carcass composition?

Answer 22

breed of animal
gender
plane of nutrition

Question 23

If boars and bulls grow faster and leaner on less feed why do we castrate them?

Answer 23

because their meat stinks is not
easier to handle
meat looks darker

Question 24

what is compensatory growth?

Answer 24

it is when a animal is restricted nutrition for a period of time that has slowed down their growth. But once the animal receives nutrition then it “catches up” and reaches the same weight

Question 25

How can compensatory growth can be used in animal agriculture

Answer 25

- By providing a low plane of nutrition it will allow for the animal to grow leaner - It can reduce the feed costs of the farmer, because you can feed the animal less feed and still achieve the same weight when its time to market them

Question 26

What are some benefits of using growth hormones

Answer 26

reduce feed costs/amount faster growth rate more muscle less fat they shit less, so less polution

Question 27

What do gut reactive agents do?

Answer 27

implanted in food to increase the absorption of nutrients

Question 28

What do probiotics do?

Answer 28

they crowd out negative pathogens and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria

Question 29

What are some concerns with implants/

Answer 29

- trade issues - implanting too early can cause less marbling - can increase dark cutters

Question 30

What is the definition of development?

Answer 30

Changes in composition, structure, or ability of the animal