Lecture 2: Injury Prevention and EAP

Question 1

Internal Risk Factors

Answer 1

PREDISPOSES an athlete to injury

• age, sex, body composition, playing type, health, physical fitness, anatomy, skill level, psychological factors

Can’t control some of them like age and sex

Question 2

External Risk Factors

Answer 2

make an athlete more SUSCEPTIBLE to injury

• sports factors (coaching, rules, refs)
• protective equipment
• sports equipment
• environment

Can control most but not all like opponent behaviour

Question 3

Inciting event

Answer 3

• playing situation
• player/opponent behaviour
• gross biomechanical description (whole body)
• detailed biomechanical description (jt.)

Question 4

What leads to injury?

Answer 4

Predisposed athlete (internal) + susceptible athlete (external) + inciting event = injury

Question 5

Injury Prevention

Answer 5

minimizing activity related injury

improve BENEFIT : RISK ratio
- ex. revising concussion protocol, making targeting penalties = decrease in injuries

Can be characterized as primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 6

Primary Prevention

Answer 6

ELIMINATING the event (prevent the injury from happening)

Can focus on 1 of 3 (or all 3) dimensions
1. ATHLETE (technique, neuromuscular function, conditioning)

2. SURROUNDINGS (floor/surface friction, rules, type of drill, coaching)
3. EQUIPMENT (shoe friction, protective properties)

Question 7

Secondary Prevention

Answer 7

DIMINISHING the effect of an incident
- can be things to protect an athlete if an injurious situation arises

Ex.
- sports equipment (helmets, shin pads, taping/bracing)
- training proper falling technique, conditioning to strengthen structures so they can tolerate increased force (ex. strengthening C-spine muscles to stabilize head/neck)

Question 8

Tetriary Prevention

Answer 8

REDUCING consequences of injury?
- How do we improve outcomes?

• Can include things like emergency medical coverage, first aid equipment and rehab
• teaching athletes to know body and report injury
• having coaches certified in first aid, EAP, Return to Play

Question 9

Levels of Prevention

Answer 9

Primary: I won’t get hit at all
Secondary: I’ll get hit but I won’t get hurt
Tertiary: I’ll get hurt but how will I make better outcomes?

Question 10

Comprehensive model for injury causation and injury prevention

Answer 10

Primary prevention comes BEFORE inciting event
Secondary prevention comes AT inciting event
Tertiary prevention comes AFTER injury

Question 11

EAP

Answer 11

Emergency Action Planning

A document to be followed in the event of a medical emergency which outlines MUTUALLY AGREED upon areas of responsibility and methods of delivery via step-by-step procedure

Question 12

Civil Liability

Answer 12

When a person engages in conduct that result s in harm to another private individual

Question 13

Who does an EAP protect?

Answer 13

The coaches and team

Question 14

Unintentional Torts

Answer 14

When a person should have foreseen that his/her actions would cause harm

• a person will be liable of a tort only if he/she intends to do harm to others OR
• if the person is negligent in that reasonable precautions are not taken to prevent foreseeable harm

Question 15

Elements of Negligence

Answer 15

Legal liability for negligence is dependent on 3 elements:

1. A duty of care
2. A breach of standard care (not planning)
3. Damage or injury that results from the breach

Question 16

Why do we have EAPs?

Answer 16

Gives us a bunch of info:

where? who? how? what?

They should be rehearsed to improve response and detect deficiencies

They should also be debriefed as it is a living document that might change throughout the year

Question 17

Who should be involved in EAP planning?

Answer 17

EVERYONE

Front office, security/facility staff, medical staff, players

Question 18

What should an EAP answer?

Answer 18

Where and when?
- event, dates, name of complex/arena, specific field/ice surface name

Who and how?
- break into 3 main roles (charge, control and call person)

What?
- what do I have to help me?

Question 19

Charge Person

Answer 19

Runs the show

• decides when to active EAP/EMS (do you trust responder?)
• what happens in case of spinal or life-thretening condition? (therapist or physician at head?)
• who best to monitor and triage?
• who ahs best rapport w/ athlete? often therapist
• what to do w/ helmets/shoulder pads? CPR? Spinals?

Question 20

Control Person

Answer 20

Keeps people back and assists charge person

• where will players/coaches go? use them or get them away
• what if it happens on the bench/locker room/practice?
• where do players keep their meds?
• what happens in case of spinal or other life-threatening? where is call person?

Question 21

Call Person

Answer 21

• what is the signal to get to the playing surface?
• what number do I call? 911? Different country, on campus?
• what information do I need to tell them? where to meet them? will access be clear?

Question 22

Emergency Phone Info

Answer 22

• type of emergency situation/suspected injury
• present condition (unconscious, non-breathing, etc)
• current assistance being given (CPR, AED, Boarding, etc)
• telephone number
• location of emergency
• entry limitations (stair only access, drive in, etc)