Lecture 2: Intro To Anatomy

Question 1

Superficial

Answer 1

Near the body surface

The breast bone is superficial to the heart

Question 2

Deep

Answer 2

Farther away from the body’s surface. The heart is deep to the chest bone

Question 3

Proximal

Answer 3

Nearest to the attached limb

The elbow is proximal to the wrist - bc the elbow is closer to the shoulder which is the attachment point

The wrist is proximal to the fingers

Question 4

Distal

Answer 4

Farther away from attachment of the limb

The elbow is distal to the shoulder

The wrist it’s distal to the elbow

Question 5

Dorsum

Answer 5

The superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the bod
- the tongue, penis, hands, and feet all have a dorsum (superior - top) surface.
- DORSUM DONOT touch the ground

Question 6

Plantar

Answer 6

Is the sole of the foot

Question 7

How could I describe the nipple to the belly button and opposite?

Answer 7

Medialinferior

Superiorlateral

Question 8

Bilateral vs unilateral

Answer 8

Bilateral: having two of the same structure on both the right and the left side of the body.
- kidneys, hands, feet, eyes, ears…..

Unilateral: having only one on either the left side of the body or the right NOT both
- appendix, spleen….

Question 9

Ipsilateral

Answer 9

Occurring in the same side of the body (either right or the left)
- right hand and right foot.
- left ear and left left eye

Question 10

Contralateral

Answer 10

Occurring on the opposite side of the body
- the right hand and the left leg
- the left eye and the right ear

Question 11

Flexion

Answer 11

Bending or decreasing

• above the knee flexion means to bend forward. Anterior movement
  - bend at the hip, bend the bicep forward, bring the arm forward
• below the knee is bending backward.
  - flexion is done by bending the knee back or curling the toes back

Question 12

Extension

Answer 12

Is straightening the joint

• straightening the knee out, fingers out, arm out…

Question 13

Dorsiflexion

Answer 13

Flexion of the ankle joint by bringing the foot to the sky

“DOOR”siflexion bringing foot up to hold the door

Question 14

Planarflexion

Answer 14

Flexion at the ankle to bring the heal off the ground

‘PLANT”arflexion lifting on toes to look at plants

Question 15

Hyperextension

Answer 15

Extension of the limb beyond the normal limit

• this has to have work done to it in order to bend because we cannot physically do this alone

Question 16

Abduction

Answer 16

Moving away from the median plane

Abducting the arm away

Question 17

Adduction

Answer 17

Adding the limb back to the medial plane

Question 18

Rotation

Answer 18

Turning around a body part around its axis

Question 19

Medial rotation

Answer 19

Rotation to bring back to the medial plane

• You are looking left or right and you turn your head to look straight is an example of medial rotation

Question 20

Lateral rotation

Answer 20

Moving your head to look left or right. Rotation away form the median plane

Question 21

Circumspection

Answer 21

Is moving of the loving on all direction in a circle

• special sequence of abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion

“CIRCLE”

Question 22

Lateral flexion

Answer 22

Special form of abduction for only the neck and trunk. Touching ear to shoulder

Question 23

Pronation

Answer 23

Rotated the radius medially so the palm of the hand is facing down

• palm is facing posterior and the dorsum is facing anterior

Question 24

Supination

Answer 24

Lateral movement of the radius so the palms are facing up

• the palms are now facing superior and the dorsum is facing posterior

Question 25

Eversion

Answer 25

Moved the isle of the foot away from medial plane. Moves sole of foot to point outward

Question 26

Inversion

Answer 26

Turning the sole of the foot to the median Turning the sole of the foot “IN”version

Question 27

Protrusion

Answer 27

Anterior movement - protruding chin, lips, or tongue

Question 28

Retrusion

Answer 28

Posterior movement - pilling the tongue back in the mouth, moving the jaw back, pulling lip back in

Question 29

Protraction

Answer 29

Anteriolateral movement - moving shoulder blades forward

Question 30

Retraction

Answer 30

Posteriomedial - pulling shoulder back

Question 31

Anatomical variation

Answer 31

All out structural differences that make us who we are - some have the tendency to and wrist and some don’t

Question 32

Tissue

Answer 32

recognizable collection of cells plus material (matrix) between cells that function as units Tissue are thought of as fabrics use to construct organ systems

Question 33

What are the four basic types of tissues

Answer 33

1 - epithelium 2 - connective tissue 3 - muscle tissue 4 - nervous tissue

Question 34

Epithelium

Answer 34

Is the outer later that is used for protection, secretion, and absorption - cells are tacked very tightly with little intercellular matrix fluid - forms the linings and coverings of the bodies surface, cavities, organs, and major tissue glands

Question 35

How are epithelium cells attached to underlying connective tissue

Answer 35

Basement membrane

Question 36

Epithelium shapes?

Answer 36

Squamous, cuboidal, or columnar Can be arranged in single or multilayers