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CAPS391 Winter 2024 Review > Lecture 2: Intro to Skeletal System > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Intro to Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Principal functions of skeletal system?

A
  1. Movement
  2. Protection
  3. Homeostasis of minerals
  4. RBC production
  5. Storage minerals/lipids
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2
Q

Types of bones (shapes)?

A

Long (i.e. humerous)
Short (i.e. ankle)
Flat (i.e. sternum)
Irregular (i.e. vertebrae)
Sesamoid (I.e. patella)

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3
Q

Types of bones (shapes)?

A

Long (i.e. humerous)
Short (i.e. ankle)
Flat (i.e. sternum)
Irregular (i.e. vertebrae)
Sesamoid (I.e. patella)

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4
Q

largest sesamoid bone in body

A

patella

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5
Q

2 divisions of skeletons in skeletal system

A
  1. axial
  2. appendicular
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6
Q

what are sesamoid bones

A

embedded within tendons of muscles. prevent rubbing of tendon against joint. I.e. patella

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7
Q

what is axial skeleton

A

Skull
Vertebral Column
Ribs
Sternum

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8
Q

Appendicular bones

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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9
Q

Girdles

A

appendicular bones which attach other appendicular bones to axial *shoulder girdle= clavicle & scapula)

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10
Q

2 major types of bones in skull

A
  1. Neurocranium
  2. Viscerocranium
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11
Q

what bone forms forehead

A

frontal bone. single

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12
Q

what bone forms upper jaw

A

Maxilla. Paired bone. purple in image

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13
Q

what bone forms lower jaw.

A

Mandible. Unpaired. dark blue in image

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14
Q

light blue in image

A

Zygomatic. paired bone.

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15
Q

3 cavities that connect cranium to orbital cavity

A
  1. optical canal
  2. superior orbital fissure
  3. inferior orbital fissure
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16
Q

How many paired bones are in nasal conchae?

A

3 pairs:

  1. superior nasal conchae
  2. middle
  3. inferior

inferior nasal concha is an individual bone, the other two are part of ethmoid

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17
Q

How many bones in neurocranium?

A

8!!
occipital bone, 2 temporal, 2 parietal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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18
Q

How many bones in viscerocranium?

A

14

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19
Q

Where is zygomatic arch? What are the bones that form it

A

zygomatic + temporal bone.
Above jaw

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20
Q

Function of lacrimal bone

A

has duct which carries tears from eyes to nasal duct

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21
Q

mastoid

A

bony process behind ear (part of mandible)

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22
Q

styloid

A

bony process. sharp stick (part of mandible)

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23
Q

what is the circled feature

A

condylar process

(part of mandible)
articulates with temporal bone (TMJ)

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24
Q

what is circled?

A

coronoid process

attachment site for muscle which closes jaw (part of mandible)

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25
Q

ramus

A

(part of mandible)
bony plate of mandible

coronoid and condylar processes are on the ramus of the mandible

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26
Q

sagittal suture

A

btw L and R parietal bones

27
Q

external occipital protuberance

A

bony elevation on occipital bone

28
Q

lambdoid suture

A

btw occipital bone and parietal bones

29
Q

suture

A

joint btw bones of skull. not movable

30
Q

coronal suture

A

btw frontal and parietal bones

31
Q

bregma

A

anterior fontanel remnant

32
Q

lambda

A

posteroir fontanel remnant

33
Q

what 2 bones is hard palate made of

A
  1. maxilla
  2. Palatine (posterior)
34
Q

vomer & choana

A

contributes to median nasal cavities

The posterior edge of the palate forms the inferior boundary of the choanae (posterior
nasal apertures), which are separated from each other by
the vomer. The vomer is a thin, flat bone that forms a part
of the bony nasal septum

35
Q

pteryigoid

A

bony process in middle sphenoid

36
Q

occipital condyle

A

convex, smooth surface on occipital bone. articulate iwth first cervical vertebrae

*articulated to CI

37
Q

3 cranial cavities

A
  1. anterior cranial fossa
  2. middle cranial fossa
  3. posterior cranial fossa
38
Q

cribiform plate of ethmoid

A

ethmoid=notch in frontal bone

has openings for CN1. sense of smell

39
Q

how is sphenoid divided

A

greater and lesser wing, and pterygoid process.

40
Q

hyphophyseal fossa (sella turcica)

A

cavity in sphenoid. pituitary gland sits here.

41
Q

foramen rotundum

A

round opening in sphenoid

42
Q

foramen ovale

A

oval opening in sphenoid

43
Q

foramen spinosum

A

small, needle like opening in sphenoid

44
Q

petrous

A

hardest part of skull. part of temporal bone. middle and inner ears contained here

45
Q

foramen lacerum

A

in temporal bone. opening “lacerated”

46
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

opening just behind petrosu

47
Q

jugular foramen

A

one of largest opening. occipital bone

48
Q

What is a condyle?

A

rounded articular area

49
Q

what is an epicondyle?

A

eminnce superior to a condyle

50
Q

what is a facet

A

smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone

51
Q

what is a foramen

A

pasage thru a bone

52
Q

what is a fossa

A

hollow or depressed area

53
Q

what is this

A

foramen magnum

54
Q

what is circled

A

vomer
-separates the choanae

55
Q

what is this

A

hard palate

purple=maxilla
pink=palatine

56
Q

what is this

A

choana
-posterior nasal opening

57
Q

what is blacked out

A

jugular foramen

58
Q

what is blacked out

A

foramen ovale

in sphenoid

59
Q
A

foramen rotundum

in sphenoid

60
Q

whats circled

A

ethmiod

61
Q

what this

A

hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica)

cavity in sphenoid. pituitary gland sits herr

62
Q

whats this

A

formen spinosum
in sphenoid

63
Q

whats this

A

optic canal

64
Q

whats this

A

petrous
hardest part of skull
part of temporal bone

CAPS391 Winter 2024 Review (29 decks)

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